July 1

Birthdays:

1977~ Liv Tyler, American actress and model.  She is the daughter of Aerosmith’s Steve Tyler.

1967~ Pamela Anderson (née Pamela Denise Anderson), Canadian-born actress.

1962~ Andre Braugher (né Andre Keith Braugher), American actor.

1961~ Diana, Princess of Wales (née Diana Frances Spencer, d. Aug. 31, 1997), first wife of England’s Prince Charles and mother of Prince William and Prince Henry.  She died at age 36 of injuries sustained in a car accident in Paris, France.  The car she was in was driven by Henri Paul (1956 ~ 1997) and they were fleeing from the paparazzi.

1961~ Carl Lewis (né Frederick Carlton Lewis), African-American athlete and track star.

1953~ Jadrank Kosor, 9^th Prime Minister of Croatia.  She was Prime Minister from July 2006 through December 2011.

1952~ Dan Aykroyd (néDaniel Edward Aykroyd), Canadian actor.

1950~ David Duke (né David Ernest Duke), Louisiana politician and white supremacist.  He lost his attempt at a run for Governor of Louisiana in the early 1990s.

1945~ Debbie Harry (née Angela Tremble), American singer for the band, Blondie.

1942~ Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress, best known for her role as St. Joan.

1941~ Alfred Gilman (né Alfred Goodman Gilman, d. Dec. 23, 2015), American pharmacologist and recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.  He died of pancreatic cancer at age 74.

1941~ Myron Scholes (né Myron Samuel Scholes), American economist and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.

1941~ Twyla Tharp, American choreographer.

1939~ Karen Black (née Karen Blanche Ziegler, d. Aug. 8, 2013), American actress best known for her roles in Nashville and Five Easy Pieces.  She died of cancer at age 74.

1936~ Wally Amos (néWallace Amos, Jr.), American businessman and founder of Famous Amos cookies.

1934~ Sydney Pollack (né Sydney Irwin Pollack, d. May 26, 2008), American Oscar-winning director, who tackled many genres.  He died of cancer at age 73.

1934~ Claude Berri (né Claude Berel Langmann, d. Jan. 12, 2009), French actor, director and writer.  He died of a stroke at age 74.

1934~ Leonard Fein (d. Aug. 14, 2914), American journalist and co-founder of Moment Magazine.  He died at age 80.

1934~ Jamie Farr (né Jameel Joseph Farah), American actor best known for his role as corporal Klinger on the TV series M*A*S*H.

1934~ Jean Marsh (née Jean Lyndsey Torren Marsh), British actress.

1932~ Ze’ev Schiff (d. June 19, 2007), Israeli journalist.  He died 12 days before his 75^thbirthday.

1931~ Leslie Caron (née Leslie Claire Margaret Caron), French actress and dancer.

1929~ Gerald Edelman (né Gerald Maurice Edelman, d. May 17, 2014), American biologist and immunologist.  He was the recipient of the 1972 Nobel in Physiology or Medicine.  He died at age 84.

1926~ Hans Werner Henze (d. Oct. 27, 2012), German composer who was repelled and inspired by Germany.  He died at age 86.

1926~ Robert Fogel (né Robert William Fogel, d. June 11, 2013), American economist and recipient of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Economic Science.  He died 20 days before his 87^th birthday.

1919~ Thomas S. Kleppe (né Thomas Savig Kleppe, d. Mar. 2, 2007), 41^st United States Secretary of the Interior.  He served under President Gerald S. Ford from October 1975 until January 1977.  He died at age 87.

1916~ Dame Olivia de Havilland (née Olivia Mary de Havilland), English-American actress. Her sister was actress Joan Fontaine.

1912~ David Brower (né David Ross Brower, d. Nov. 5, 2000), American environmentalist and founder of the Sierra Club Foundation.  He died at age 88.

1908~ Estée Lauder (née Josephine Esther Mentzer, d. Apr. 24, 2004), American cosmetics entrepreneur and founder of Estée Lauder Cosmetics Company.  She died at age 97.

1906~ Jean Dieudonné (d. Nov. 29, 1992), French mathematician.  He died at age 86.

1901~ Amy Johnson (d. Jan. 5, 1941), English aviator.  She was an aviation pioneer and the first woman to fly alone from Britain to Australia.  She was a participant in the Air Transport Auxiliary during World War II.  She was killed during a ferry flight at age 37. Her body was never recovered.

1899~ Charles Laughton (d. Dec. 15, 1962), English actor.  He died of renal cancer at age 63.

1899~ Thomas Dorsey (né Thomas Andrew Dorsey, d. Jan. 23, 1993), African-American composer and pianist.  He died at age 93.

1892~ James M. Cain (néJames Mallahan Cain, d. Oct. 27, 1977), American detective writer and journalist.  He is best known for his novels, The Postman Always Rings Twiceand Double Indemnity.  He died at age 85.

1879~ Léon Jouhaux (d. Apr. 28, 1954), French union leader and recipient of the 1951 Nobel Peace Prize.  He died at age 74.

1869~ William Strunk, Jr. (d. Sept. 26, 1946), American author and educator.  He is best known for writing The Elements of Style.  He died at age 77.

1807~ Thomas Green Clemson (d. Apr. 6, 1888), American politician, who left his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College. He had served in the Confederate Army.  He died at age 80.

1804~ George Sand (née Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin, d. June 8, 1876), French author. She died less than a month before her 72^nd birthday.

1788~ Jean-Victor Poncelet (d. Dec. 22, 1867), French mathematician.  He died at age 79.

1742~ Georg C. Lichtenberg (né Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, d. Feb. 24, 1799), German physicist and satirist.  He died at age 56 following a short illness.

1646~ Gottfried Leibniz (né Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, d. Nov. 14, 1716), German mathematician.  He died at age 70.

1534~ Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (d. Apr. 4, 1588).  He died at age 53.

1506~ King Louis II of Hungary (d. Aug. 29, 1526).  He was killed during the Battle of Mohács fighting the Ottomans at age 20.

1481~ King Christian II of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (d. Jan. 25, 1559).  He died at age 77.

Events that Changed the World:

2013~ Croatia joined the European Union as its 28^thmember.

2007~ England banned smoking in all public indoor spaces.

1997~ The United Kingdom transferred sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China.  Hong Kong had been under British colonial rule for over 156 years.  The transfer is sometimes known as The Handover.

1980~ O Canadaofficially became the national anthem of Canada.

1979~ The Sony Walkman was introduced.

1966~ The Medicare Federal insurance program went into effect.

1963~ ZIP Codes, which stands for Zone Improvement Plan, were introduced for United States mail.

1960~ Somalia gained its independence.

1933~ Wiley Post (1898 ~ 1935) became the first person to fly solo around the world. It took him over 7 days to complete the trip.

1921~ The Communist Party of China was founded.

1916~ The first day of the Battle of Somme during World War I killed over 19,000 British soldiers and wounded over 40,000.

1908~ SOS was adopted as the international distress signal.

1903~ The first Tour de France bicycle race began.

1898~ The Battle of San Juan Hill was fought in Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish~American War.

1881~ The first international telephone call was made between St. Steven, New Brunswick, Canada and Calais, Maine, in the United States.

1874~ The first commercially successful typewriter became available for sale.  It was the Sholes and Glidden typewriter.

1873~ Prince Edward Island joined the Canadian Confederation.

1870~ The United States Department of Justice formally began.

1863~ The Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War began.

Good-Byes:

2017~ Heathcote Williams (né John Henley Heathcote-Williams, b. Nov. 15, 1941), British writer who embraced the counterculture. He was a poet, actor and playwright.  He died at age 75.

2015~ Lawrence Russell Herkimer (b. Oct. 14, 1925), American cheerleading pioneer who invented the pom-pom.  He was 89 years old.

2015~ Sir Nicholas George Winton (b. May 19, 1909), British humble hero who saved children from the Nazis.  He organized the Kindertransport and saved nearly 700 Czech children.  He died at age 106.

2014~ Stephen Gaskin (b. Feb. 16, 1935), American hippy visionary who founded a lasting commune.  He died at age 79.

2014~ David Greenglass (b. Mar 2, 1922), American spy who doomed his sister, Ethel Rosenberg, to execution.  He was an atomic spy for the Soviet Union who worked on the Manhattan Project.  It was his testimony that convicted his sister and brother-in-law.  He died at age 92.

2013~ Charles Foley (b. Sept. 6, 1930), American game designer who broke taboos with his invention of the game Twister.  He died at age 82.

2009~ Karl Malden (né Mladen George Sekulovich, b. Mar. 22, 1912), American not-quite leading man who made average Joes shine. He was primarily a character actor and won the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for his role in A Streetcar Named Desire.  He was also known for his role in the television crime drama The Streets of San Francisco.  He died at age 97.

2008~ Clay Felker (b. Oct. 2, 1925), American visionary editor who changed the face of magazines.  He died of throat cancer at age 82.

2004~ Marlon Brando, Jr. (b. Apr. 3, 1924), American actor.  He died at age 80.

2003~ Herbie Mann (né Herbert Jay Solomon, b. Apr. 16, 1930), American flutist and composer.  He died of prostate cancer at age 73.

2001~ Nikolay Basov (b. Dec. 14, 1922), Russian physicist and recipient of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died at age 78.

2000~ Walter Matthau (né Walter John Matthow, b. Oct. 1, 1920), American actor who was the original sloppy Oscar Madison in the movie The Odd Couple.  He died of heart disease at age 79.

1999~ Forrest Mars, Sr. (né Forrest Edward Mars, b. Mar. 21, 1904), American candy maker and creator of the Mars Bar and M&M’s.  He died at age 95.

1997~ Robert Mitchum (né Robert Charles Durman Mitchum, b. Aug. 6, 1917), American actor.  He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut.  He died at age 79 of lung cancer and emphysema.

1996~ Margaux Hemingway (née Margaux Louise Hemingway, b. Feb. 16, 1954), American actress and model.  She was the granddaughter of writer Ernest Hemingway.  She committed suicide at age 42.

1996~ William T. Cahill (né William Thomas Cahill, b. June 25, 1912), 46^th Governor of New Jersey.  He was Governor from January 1970 until January 1974.  He died 6 days after his 84^th birthday.

1995~ Wolfman Jack (né Robert Weston Smith, b. Jan. 21, 1938), American radio disc jockey and personality.  He died of a heart attack at age 57.

1991~ Michael Landon (né Eugene Maurice Orowitz, b. Oct. 31, 1936), American actor. He died at age 54 of pancreatic cancer.

1984~ Moshé Feldenkrais (né Moshé Pinchas Feldenkrais, b. May 6, 1904), Ukrainian-born Israeli physicist.  He died at age 80.

1983~ R. Buckminster Fuller (né Richard Buckminster Fuller, b. July 12, 1895), American architect.  He died 11 days before his 88^th birthday.

1974~ Juan Perón (b. Oct. 8, 1895), Argentine politician and President of Argentina.  He was 78 years old.

1971~ Sir William Lawrence Bragg (b. Mar. 31, 1890), English physicist and recipient of the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics.  At age 25, he was the youngest person to receive a Nobel Prize.  He shared the Nobel Prize with his father, William Henry Bragg, Sr.  He died at age 81.

1950~ Eliel Saarinen (né Gottlieb Eliel Sarrinen, b. Aug. 20, 1873), Finnish-American architect.  He was the father of architect Eero Saarinen, who was born on his father’s 37^th birthday.  He died at age 76.

1925~ Érik Satie (né Éric Alfred Leslie Satie, b. May 17, 1866), French pianist and composer.  He died at age 59.

1912~ Harriet Quimby (b. May 11, 1875), American pilot.  She was the first woman to fly across the English Channel.  She was killed in a plane crash at age 37.

1905~ John Hay (né John Milton Hay, b. Oct. 8, 1838), 37^th United States Secretary of State.  He served under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt from September 1898 until his death in July 1905.  He died of heart disease in Newbury, New Hampshire at age 66.

1896~ Harriett Beecher Stowe (née Harriett Elizabeth Beecher, b. June 14, 1811), American novelist and abolitionist, best known for her novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.  She died 2 weeks after her 85^th birthday.

1894~ Allan J. Pinkerton (b. Aug. 25, 1819), American private detective and founder of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.  He died at age 64.

1860~ Charles Goodyear (b. Dec. 29, 1800), American chemist and manufacturing engineer. He developed a method for vulcanized rubber.  He was born in New Haven, Connecticut.  He died at age 59.

1782~ Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2^nd Marquess of Rockingham (b. May 13, 1730), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.  He served two terms as Prime Minister, both during the reign of King George III.  The first term was from July 1765 through July 1766.  His second term was only from March 1782 until his death of influenza at age 52 just 4 months later.