Birthdays:
2019 ~ Prince Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor of Sussex, member of the British royal family. When his grandfather, became Charles III, King of the United Kingdom, Archie assumed the title of Prince Archie. He is of the House of Windsor. He is the son of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex and Meghan Markel. He was born in London, England.
2002 ~ Angel Reese, American professional basketball player. She played college basketball for Louisiana State University. In the 2024 draft, she was picked to play for the WNBA Chicago Sky team. She was born in Randallstown, Maryland.
1989 ~ Anna Paulina Luna (née Anna Paulina Mayerhofer), American politician. She was the first Mexican-American woman to be elected to Congress from Florida. She was born in Santa Ana, California.
1961 ~ George Clooney (né George Timothy Clooney), American actor. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky.
1953 ~ Tony Blair (né Anthony Charles Lynton Blair), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.
1952 ~ Antonio Checo (d. Apr. 1, 2020), rector of St. Mark’s Episcopal Church in Queens, New York. He also served as a member and chair of the Hispanic commission of the Diocese of Long Island. He had also served as a mental health clinician at Mount Sinai Queens hospital where he died of complication of COVID-19. He was born in Santiago, Dominican Republic. He died about a month before his 68th birthday.
1947 ~ Martha Nussbaum (née Martha Craven), American philosopher. She was born in New York, New York.
1945 ~ Bob Seger (né Robert Clark Seger), American songwriter and musician. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.
1939 ~ Gerald M. Levin (d. Mar. 13, 2024), American CEO who brokered the worst deal in history. Gerald M. Levin was an American media businessman. He was involved in brokering the merger between AOL and Time Warner in 2000, at the height of the dot-com bubble, a merger which was ultimately disadvantageous to Time Warner and described as "the biggest train wreck in the history of corporate America.” He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 84 of complications of Parkinson’s disease.
1937 ~ Rubin “Hurricane” Carter (d. Apr 20, 2014), American boxer convicted of murder. He spent nearly 20 years in prison for a murder he did not commit. His story inspired Bob Dylan to write a song about him called Hurricane. He died of prostate cancer 16 days before his 77th birthday.
1933 ~ Juanita Castro (née Juana de la Caridad Castro Ruz; d. Dec. 4, 2023), Cuban-born Castro sister who spied for the CIA and defected to the United States. She was born in Birán, Cuba. She died at age 90 in Miami, Florida.
1931 ~ Willie Mays (né Willie Howard Mays, Jr.), African-American professional baseball player. He was nicknamed The Say Hey, Kid. He was born in Westfield, Alabama.
1929 ~ Paul Lauterbur (né Paul Christian Lauterbur; d. Mar. 27, 2007), American chemist and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work that made MRIs possible. He was born in Sidney, Ohio. He died at age 77 of kidney disease in Urbana, Illinois.
1924 ~ Patricia Kennedy Lawford (née Patricia Helen Kennedy; d. Sept. 17, 2006), American socialite and member of the Kennedy clan. She was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. She died of pneumonia at age 82 in New York, New York.
1915 ~ Orson Welles (né George Orson Welles; d. Oct. 10, 1985), American film director and actor. He was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He died of a heart attack at age 70 in Los Angeles, California.
1915 ~ Theodore H. White (né Theodore Harold White; d. May 15, 1986), American historian and writer. He was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts. He died of a stroke nine days after his 71st birthday in New York, New York.
1906 ~ André Weil (d. Aug. 6, 1998), French mathematician. He is best known for his work in number theory and algebraic geometry. His sister was the philosopher, Simone Weil. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 92 in Princeton, New Jersey.
1904 ~ Harry Martinson (d. Feb. 11, 1978), Swedish author and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died by suicide at age 73 by cutting his stomach open with a pair of scissors in Stockholm, Sweden.
1904 ~ Moshé Feldenkrais (né Moshé Pinchas Feldenkrais; d. July 1, 1984), Ukrainian-born Israeli physicist. He died at age 80 in Tel Aviv, Israel.
1903 ~ Toots Shor (né Bernard Shor; d. Jan. 23, 1977), American businessman who founded Toots Shor’s Restaurant in Manhattan. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 73.
1895 ~ Rudolph Valentino (né Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguolla; d. Aug. 23, 1926), Italian silent film actor. He was born in Castellaneta, Italy. He died of peritonitis at age 31 in New York, New York.
1895 ~ Júlio César de Mello e Souza (d. June 18, 1974), Brazilian mathematician. He was also a novelist. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He died of a heart attack at age 79 in Recife, Brazil.
1872 ~ Willem de Sitter (d. Nov. 20, 1834), Dutch mathematician and astronomer. He died after a brief illness at age 62.
1871 ~ Victor Grignard (né François Auguste Victor Grignard, d. Dec. 13, 1935), French chemist and recipient of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Cherbourg, France. He died at age 64 in Lyons, France.
1868 ~ Gaston Leroux (né Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux; d. Apr. 15, 1927), French writer best known for his novel, Phantom of the Opera. He was born in Paris, France. He died 3 weeks before his 59th birthday in Nice, France.
1856 ~ Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary, Sr. (né Robert Edwin Peary; d. Feb. 20, 1920), American Arctic explorer. He claimed to be the first person to reach the North Pole. He was born in Gallitzin, Pennsylvania. He died at age 63 in Washington, D.C.
1856 ~ Sigmund Freud (né Sigismund Schlomo Freud; d. Sept. 23, 1939), Austrian physician and founder of psychoanalysis. He died at age 83 in London, England.
1853 ~ Philander C. Knox (né Philander Chase Knox; d. Oct. 12, 1921), 40th United States Secretary of State. He served under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson from March 1909 until March 1913. He also served as the 44th United States Attorney General from April 5, 1901 until June 1904 during the administrations of President William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. He was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. He died at age 68 in Washington, D.C., while serving a term as United States Senator from Pennsylvania.
1830 ~ Abraham Jacobi (d. July 10, 1919), German-born public health physician. He was a pioneer in pediatric medicine. He opened the first children’s clinic in the United States. After the death of his first wife, he married Mary Putman, who was also a physician. He died at age 89 in his summer home in Bolton Landing, New York.
1808 ~ William Strong (d. Aug. 19, 1895), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Ulysses Grant. He replaced Robert Grier on the Court. He was succeeded by William Woods. He served on the Court from February 1870 until December 1880. He was born in Somers, Connecticut. He died at age 87 in Lake Minnewaska, New York.
1769 ~ Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. June 18, 1824). He reigned from 1790 until 1801, and again from 1814 until his death in June 1824. He was married twice. His first wife was Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (1773 ~ 1802). They married in 1790. After her death, he married Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony (1796 ~ 1865). They married in 1921. He was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 55.
1769 ~ Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette (d. Jan. 16, 1834), French mathematician. He died at age 64 in Paris, France.
1758 ~ Maximilien de Robespierre (d. July 28, 1794), French revolutionary leader who was executed by guillotine in Paris during the French Revolution. He was 36 years old.
1685 ~ Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. July 29, 1735), Queen consort of Prussia and 3rd wife of Frederick I, King of Prussia (1657 ~ 1713). They married in 1708. There were no children of this marriage. She was of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She was the daughter of Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow and Christine Wilhelmine of Hesse-Homburg. She died at age 50.
1575 ~ Pope Innocent X (né Giovanni Battista Pamphilj; d. Jan. 7, 1655). He was Pope from September 1644 until his death in January 1655. He was 80 years old.
1501 ~ Pope Marcellus II (né Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi; d. May 1, 1555). He was Pope for less than a month, from April 9, 1555 until his death in May 1555. He died 5 days before his 54th birthday.
973 ~ Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. July 13, 1024). He ruled from February 1014 until his death 10 years later. He is also known as St. Henry. He was married to Cunigunde of Luxembourg (975 ~ 1033). They married in 999. He was of the House of Ottomian. He was the son of Henry II, Duke of Bavaria and Gisela of Burgundy. He was Chalcedonian Christianity. He died at age 51.
Events that Changed the World:
2023 ~ The coronation of Charles III, King of the United Kingdom (b. 1948) was held in Westminster Abby. His second wife, Camilla (b. 1947) was also coronated as Queen.
2013 ~ Three women who had been missing for more than 10 years were found alive in a house in Cleveland, Ohio. They had been kidnapped and abused by Ariel Castro, who ultimately committed suicide in prison.
2001 ~ Pope John Paul II (1920 ~ 2005) became the first Pope to enter a mosque. He toured the mosque while on his trip to Syria.
1996 ~ The body of William Colby (b. Jan. 4, 1920), 10th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency washed ashore on a riverbank in Maryland. He had disappeared on April 27, 1996, which is the date of his presumed death. His death is believed to have occurred from a boating accident.
1981 ~ Yale student Maya Ying Lin’s design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., was selected from 1,421 entries. She was 21 years old.
1976 ~ An earthquake in northeastern Italy killed over 980 people and destroyed several villages.
1960 ~ Princess Margaret (1930 ~ 2002) married Anthony Armstrong-Jones (1930 ~ 2017). This was the first televised royal wedding. They divorced 18 years later.
1954 ~ Sir Roger Bannister (1929 ~ 2018) became the first person to run the mile in under four minutes.
1941 ~ Bob Hope (1903 ~ 2003) performed his first USO show at California’s March Field.
1940 ~ John Steinbeck (1902 ~ 1968) was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Grapes of Wrath.
1937 ~ The Hindenburg, the German zeppelin, exploded in Lakehurst, New Jersey, as it was attempting to dock, killing 36 of the 97 people on board.
1935 ~ President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 ~ 1945) signed Executive Order 7034, which created the Works Progress Administration.
1915 ~ Babe Ruth (1895 ~ 1948) hit his first major league home run while pitching for the Boston Red Sox. He would go on to have 714 career home runs.
1910 ~ George V (1865 ~ 1936) became King of the United Kingdom upon the death of his father, King Edward VII (1841 ~ 1910).
1906 ~ The Russian Constitution of 1906 was adopted. This date corresponded to April 23 on the Julian calendar, which was used in Russia at the time.
1889 ~ The Eiffel Tower was officially opened to the public at the Universal Exposition in Paris.
1882 ~ The United States Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers. The Act was repealed in 1943 but limited Chinese immigration to only 105 individuals per year.
1877 ~ Chief Crazy Horse (d. 1877) of the Oglala Sioux tribe surrendered to the United States troops in Nebraska. He would be killed 4 months later while in Army custody.
1963 ~ The Battle of Chancellorsville during the American Civil War ended with the defeat of the Union Army of the Potomac by Confederate troops.
1861 ~ Arkansas seceded from the Union to join the Confederate States.
1844 ~ The Glaciarium, the world’s first mechanically frozen ice rink, opened in England.
1782 ~ Construction on the Grand Palace, the royal residence of the King of Siam in Bangkok, Thailand, began at the request of the king, known as Rama I (1737 ~ 1809).
1682 ~ Louis XIV, King of France (1638 ~ 1715) moved his court to the Palace of Versailles.
1659 ~ A faction of the British Army removed Richard Cromwell (1626 ~ 1712) as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalled the Rump Parliament.
1536 ~ Henry VIII, King of England (1491 ~ 1547) ordered English language Bibles to be placed in all churches in England.
1536 ~ The Siege of Cuzco began, in which the army of the Emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui (1515 ~ 1545), attempted to reclaim the city of Cuzco, Peru, from the Spanish conquistadors, which were under the command of Hernando Pizarro (1504 ~ 1578). The siege lasted 10 months and was ultimately unsuccessful.
Good-Byes:
2023 ~ Vida Blue (né Vida Rochelle Blue, Jr.; b. July 28, 1949), African-American professional baseball player and sportscaster. He was born in Mansfield, Louisiana. He died of cancer at age 73 in Tracy, California.
2023 ~ Newton M. Minow (né Newton Norman Minow; b. Jan. 17, 1927), American lawyer and Federal Communications Commission head who declared TV a wasteland. He was tapped to head the FCC in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He died at age 97 in Chicago, Illinois.
2022 ~ George Pérez (b. June 9, 1954), American artist who brought comic-book heroes to life. He was born in New York, New York. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 67 in Sanford, Florida.
2016 ~ Margot Honecker (née Margot Feist; b. Apr. 17, 1927), German ideologue who indoctrinated East Germany. She was an East German politician and wife of Erich Honecker, leader of East Germany’s Socialist Unity Party. She was one of East Germany’s most hated women. After the collapse of East Germany, she and her husband fled to the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, they fled to Chile. She died in Santiago, Chile 19 days after her 89thbirthday.
2015 ~ Denise McCluggage (b. Jan. 20, 1927), American female racer who shattered stereotypes. In 1959, she became the first woman to win a sports-car event at the Thompson Raceway in Connecticut. She was born in El Dorado, Kansas. She died at age 88.
2015 ~ Jim Wright (né James Claude Wright, Jr.; b. Dec. 22, 1922), United States Speaker of the House of Representatives who resigned in 1989 in scandal amid allegations he was receiving kickbacks from business associates and lobbyists. He had served from January 1987 until his ouster. He was the congressional representative from Texas. He was born in Fort Worth, Texas. He died in Weatherford, Texas. He was 92 years old at the time of his death.
2014 ~ William H. Dana (né William Harvey Dane; b. Nov. 3, 1930), American test pilot who touched space. He was an engineer and NASA test pilot. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the experimental North American X-15 rocket plane. He was born in Pasadena, California. He died of Parkinson’s disease at age 83 in Phoenix, Arizona.
2014 ~ Farley Mowat (né Farley McGill Mowat; b. May 12, 1921), Canadian writer who championed animals. He is best known for his 1963 book Never Cry Wolf. He was born in Belleville, Ontario, Canada. He died 6 days before his 93rdbirthday in Cobourg, Ontario, Canada.
2013 ~ Giulio Andreotti (b. Jan. 14, 1919), perennial prime minister who mastered Italian politics. He served several terms as prime minister of Italy. He was born and died in Rome, Italy. He died at age 94.
2009 ~ Sid Laverents (né Sidney Nicklas Laverents; b. Aug. 5, 1908), American offbeat filmmaker who was an amateur legend. He didn’t begin making films until he was 50 years old. He was born in Cheyenne, Wyoming. He died at age 100 in Chula Vista, California.
2006 ~ Lillian Asplund (née Lillian Gertrud Asplund; b. Oct. 21, 1906), last American survivor of the Titanic. She was also the last survivor with any memory of the disaster. She was 5 years old when the Titanic sank. She and her mother were rescued, but her father perished in the disaster. She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts and died in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. She was 99 at the time of her death.
1992 ~ Marlene Dietrich (née Marie Magdalene Dietrich; b. Dec. 27, 1901), German actress. She was born in Berlin, Germany. She died at age 90 in Paris, France.
1987 ~ William J. Casey (né William Joseph Casey; d. Mar. 13, 1913), 13th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He served in that office during the Ronald Reagan administration from January 1981 through January 1987. He was born in New York, New York. He died of a brain tumor at age 74 in Roslyn Harbor, New York.
1963 ~ Theodore von Kármán (May 11, 1881), Hungarian-born American mathematician and physicist. He was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. He died at 5 days before his 82nd birthday in Aachen, West Germany.
1952 ~ Maria Montessori (née Maria Tecia Artemisia Montessori; b. Aug. 31, 1870), Italian educator. She died at age 81 in the Netherlands.
1951 ~ Élie Cartan (né Élie Joseph Cartan; b. Apr. 9, 1869), French mathematician. His focus of study was Lie groups. He died a month after his 82nd birthday in Paris, France.
1949 ~ Maurice Maeterlinck (b. Aug. 29, 1862), Belgian writer and recipient of the 1911 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Ghent, Belgium. He died at age 86 in Nice, France.
1919 ~ L. Frank Baum (né Lyman Frank Baum; b. May 15, 1856), American author, best known for The Wizard of Oz. He was born in Chittenango, New York. He died of a stroke 9 days before 63rd birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1910 ~ Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom (né Prince Edward Albert; b. Nov. 9, 1841). He ruled over the United Kingdom from January 1901 until his death in May 1910. Prior to becoming king, he was the Prince of Wales. In 1863, he married Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844 ~ 1925). They had six children, including George V, King of England. He was of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was the second child and eldest son of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was Anglican. He died of a heart attack at age 68.
1862 ~ Henry David Thoreau (b. July 12, 1817), American author and philosopher. He was born and died in Concord, Massachusetts. He died of bronchitis at age 44.
1859 ~ Alexander von Humboldt (née Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander von Humboldt; b. Sept. 14, 1769), German polymath, naturalist, and explorer. He was born and died in Berlin. He died at age 89.
1782 ~ Christine Kirch (d. 1696), German astronomer. The date of her birth is not known.
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