Birthdays:
1988 ~ Adele (née Adele Laurie Blue Adkins), British singer-songwriter. She was born in London, England.
1973 ~ Tina Yothers (née Kristina Louise Yothers), American actress. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Keaton on the television sit-com Family Ties. She was born in Whittier, California.
1966 ~ Sergei Stanishev (né Sergei Dmitrievich Stanishev), President of the Party of European Socialists. He assumed this position in November 2011. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Bulgaria from August 2005 until July 2009. He was born in Kherson, Ukraine.
1959 ~ Brian Williams (né Brian Douglas Williams), American news anchor. In 2015, he was suspended from the NBC news after it was revealed that he exaggerated and incorporated himself into his news reports. He was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
1957 ~ John Orthberg, Jr., American evangelical Christian author. He was born in Rockford, Illinois. He was born in Rockford, Illinois.
1952 ~ Ed Lee (né Edwin Mah Lee; d. Dec. 12, 2017), American politician and Mayor of San Francisco. He served as Mayor from January 2011 until his sudden death in December 2017. He was born in Seattle, Washington. He died of cardiac arrest at age 65 in San Francisco, California.
1944 ~ Roger Rees (d. July 10, 2015), Welsh actor best known for his role as Robin Colcord on Cheers. He died of brain cancer at age 71 in New York, New York.
1943 ~ Sir Michael Palin (né Michael Edward Palin), British actor and member of Monty Python. He was born in Ranmoor, Sheffield, England.
1942 ~ Tammy Wynette (née Virginia Wynette Pugh; d. Apr. 6, 1998), American country singer. She is best remembered for her song Stand By Your Man. She was born in Tremont, Mississippi. She a month before her 56th birthday in Nashville, Tennessee.
1938 ~ Roni Stoneman (née Veronica Loretta Stoneman; d. Feb. 22, 2024), American banjo picker who rose from poverty to Hee Haw. She was one of the comedians on the country television sit-com Hee Haw. She was born in Washington, D.C. She died at age 85 in Nashville, Tennessee.
1938 ~ Michael Murphy (né Michael George Murphy), American actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
1928 ~ Agustín Román (d. Apr. 11, 2012), Cuban bishop who ministered to Cubans in exile. He was born in San Antonio de los Baños, Cuba. He died in Miami, Florida less than a month before his 84th birthday.
1925 ~ Leo Ryan (né Leo Joseph Ryan, Jr.; d. Nov. 18, 1978), United States Congressman from California. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. He was assassinated at age 53 while on a political tour in Guyana by members of the People’s Temple.
1923 ~ Cathleen Synge Morawetz (d. Aug. 8, 2017), Canadian mathematician. She is best known for her work in partial differential equations of mixed type and aerodynamics. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She died at age 94 in New York, New York.
1922 ~ Irene Gut Opdyke (née Irene Gut; d. May 17, 2003), Polish nurse who aided in saving Jews from the Nazis during World War II. She was honored as the Righteous Among Nations by Yad Vashem. She died 2 weeks after her 81stbirthday in Fullerton, California.
1921 ~ Arthur Leonard Schawlow (d. Apr. 28, 1999), American physicist and recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on lasers. He was born in Mount Vernon, New York. He died 7 days before his 78th birthday in Palo Alto, California.
1921 ~ Mavis Batey (née Mavis Lilian Lever; d. Nov. 12, 2013), British code-breaker who cracked Nazi communications. She was born in London, England. She died at age 92 in Petworth, England.
1914 ~ Tyrone Power (né Tyrone Edmund Power, III; d. Nov. 15, 1958), American movie actor. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He died of a heart attack at age 44 in Madrid, Spain.
1914 ~ Charis Wilson (née Helen Charis Wilson; d. Nov. 20, 2009), American model who inspired photographer Edward Wilson. She was born in San Francisco, California. She died at age 95 in Santa Cruz, California.
1903 ~ James Beard (né James Andrew Beard; d. Jan. 21, 1985), American chef and cookbook author. He was born in Portland, Oregon. He died at age 81 in New York, New York.
1900 ~ Helen Redfield (d. 1988), American geneticist. She earned her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. She was born in Archbold, Ohio. She died at age 88.
1898 ~ Elsie Eaves (d. Mar. 27, 1983), American engineer. She was the first woman to become a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. She was born in Idaho Springs, Colorado. She died at age 84 in Roslyn, New York.
1892 ~ Dorothy Garrod (née Dorothy Annie Elizabeth Garrod; d. Dec. 18, 1968), British archeologist. She specialized in the Paleolithic period. She taught at the University of Cambridge and was the first woman to hold the Oxbridge chair. She was born in London, England. She died of complications of a stroke at age 76 in Cambridge, England.
1890 ~ Christopher Morley (né Christopher Darlington Morley; d. Mar. 28, 1957), American journalist. He was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. He died at age 66 Roslyn Heights, New York.
1883 ~ Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler (née Anna Johnson; d. Mar. 26, 1966), American mathematician. She is best known for her work in linear algebra in infinite dimensions. She was born in Calliope, Iowa. She died of a stroke at age 82 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.
1882 ~ Sylvia Pankhurst (née Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst; d. Sept. 27, 1960), daughter of Emmeline, and sister of Christabel. The entire family was devoted to fighting for equal rights for women. She was born in Manchester, England. She died at age 78 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
1873 ~ Leon Czołgosz (né Leon Frank Czołgosz; d. Oct. 29, 1901), American assassin of President William McKinley. He shot the President in September 1901. He was born in Alpena, Michigan. He was electrocuted at age 28 in Auburn, New York, just 7 weeks after the assassination.
1864 ~ Nellie Bly (née Elizabeth Jane Cochrane; d. Jan. 27, 1922), American journalist. She is best known for her record-breaking trip around the world and for her exposé into the treatment received by patients in mental institutions. She was born in Cochran’s Mill, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. She died of pneumonia at age 57 in New York, New York.
1846 ~ Henryk Sienkeiwicz (d. Nov. 15, 1916), Polish author and recipient of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 70 in Switzerland.
1830 ~ John B. Stetson (né John Batterson Stetson; d. Feb. 18, 1906), American hat manufacturer and inventor of the cowboy hat known as the Stetson Hat. He was born in Orange, New Jersey. He died at age 75 in DeLand, Florida.
1826 ~ Eugénie de Montijo (d. July 11, 1920), Spanish-born wife of Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1808 ~ 1873). She was born in Granada, Spain. She died at age 94 in Madrid, Spain.
1818 ~ Karl Marx (d. Mar. 14, 1883), German philosopher and political theorist. He is best known for his book Das Kapital. He died at age 64 in London, England.
1813 ~ Søren Kierkegaard (né Søren Aabye Kierkegaard; d. Nov. 11, 1855), Danish Christian philosopher, theologian and religious author. He was born and died in Copenhagen, Denmark. He died at age 42.
1747 ~ Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Mar. 1, 1792). He ruled from September 1790 until his death in 1792. He was married to Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain (1745 ~ 1792). They married in 1764. He was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. He was Roman Catholic. He died suddenly at age 44.
1719 ~ Andrew Meikle (d. Nov. 27, 1811), Scottish engineer and designer of the threshing machine. He died at age 91.
1352 ~ Rupert, King of Germany (d. May 18, 1410). He ruled as King of Germany from August 1400 until his death in May 1410. He was married to Elisabeth of Hohenzollern (1358 ~ 1411). They married in 1374. He was of the House of Wittelsbach. He was the son of Rupert II, Elector of Palatine and Princess Beatrice of Aragon. He died 13 days after his 58th birthday.
1210 ~ Afonso III, King of Portugal (d. Feb. 16, 1279). He reigned Portugal from January 1248 until his death in February 1279. He was married twice. His first wife was Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne (1202 ~ 1259). They married in 1238. He was her second husband. Afonso divorced her in 1253 to marry Beatrice of Castile (1240s ~ Oct. 27, 1303), the illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X, King of Castile. They were the parents of Denis, King of Portugal. Afonso was of the House of Burgundy. He was the son of Afonso II, King of Portugal and Urraca of Castile. He was Catholic. He died at age 68.
Events that Changed the World:
2023 ~ The WHO downgraded Covid-19 from a health emergency to a health threat.
1994 ~ American teenager Michael Fay (b. 1975) was caned in Singapore for theft and vandalism.
1973 ~ Secretariat won the Kentucky Derby.
1961 ~ Alan Shepard (1923 ~ 1998) became the first American to travel into outer space.
1945 ~ The Prague uprising began by the Czech resistance in an attempt to free the city from Nazi occupation.
1925 ~ John T. Scopes (1900 ~ 1970) was served with an arrest warrant for teaching evolution in Tennessee in violation of the Butler Act. His subsequent trial became known as the Monkey Trial.
1921 ~ Chanel No. 5 first went on sale.
1920 ~ Nicola Sacco (Apr. 22, 1891 ~ Aug. 22, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (June 11, 1888 ~ Aug. 22, 1927) were arrested for the alleged robbery and murder of two men during an armed robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. They would ultimately be convicted and executed for these crimes.
1905 ~ Fingerprint evidence was used for the first time to convict the Stratton Brothers for murder in a trial in London. Alfred (1882 ~ 1905) and Albert (1884 ~ 1905) Stratton murdered a couple who managed in a paint shop in England. The brothers were executed for their crime on May 23, 1905.
1904 ~ Cy Young (1867 ~ 1955) of the Boston Americans threw the first perfect baseball game while pitching against the Philadelphia Athletics. The game was played at the Huntington Avenue Grounds, which was the baseball stadium before Fenway Park was built.
1891 ~ Carnegie Hall, initially known as the Music Hall, in New York City had its grand opening and first public appearance. Peter Tchaikovsky (1840 ~ 1893) was the guest conductor at this event.
1866 ~ Memorial Day was celebrated for the first time in the United States in Waterloo, New York. It was originally called Decoration Day and was intended to commemorate the Union soldiers who were killed in the American Civil War.
1865 ~ The Confederate States of America government was formally declared dissolved.
1862 ~ The Mexican army was victorious over a French army at the Battle of Puebla. This victory is now an annual holiday in Mexico known as Cinco de Mayo, to commemorate this victory.
1821 ~ The first edition of the English newspaper The Manchester Guardian was published. The paper is still published, but under the name The Guardian.
1809 ~ The Swiss canton of Aargau allowed citizenship to Jews and given right pertaining to farming and trade, which had previously been denied to the Jews.
1809 ~ Mary Kies (1752 ~ 1837) became the first woman to be granted a United States Patent. She had developed a technique of weaving straw with silk and thread. This invention helped to boost the manufacture of women’s hats.
1762 ~ Russia and Prussia signed the Treaty of St. Petersburg, which ended the fighting in the Seven Years’ War.
1640 ~ Charles I, King of England (1600 ~ 1649) dissolved the Short Parliament.
1494 ~ Christopher Columbus (1451 ~ 1506) is said to have landed in the island of Jamaica and claimed it for Spain. This was during his second voyage to the New World.
1260 ~ Kublai Khan (1215 ~ 1294) became the ruler of the Mongol Empire.
1215 ~ Rebel barons renounced their allegiance to John, King of England (1166 ~ 1216), an action which lead to the June 1215 signing of the Magna Carta
Good-Byes:
2023 ~ Amy Silverstein (née Amy Jill Shorin; b. June 3, 1963), American chronicler of a life with three failing hearts. She was diagnosed with congestive heart failure and received her first heart transplant in 1988. This heart lasted 25 years, when she required a second heart transplant. She wrote about her experiences in two books. She was born in Queens New York. She died of cancer a month before her 60th birthday.
2023 ~ Chris Strachwitz (né Count Christian Alexander Maria Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz; b. July 1, 1931), German-American folklorist who preserved the music of America’s roots. He was the founder and president of Arhoolie Records, which now belongs to the Smithsonian Institution, The company, which he established in 1960, became one of the leading labels recording and issuing blues, Cajun, Zydeco, polka, Hawaiian steel guitar, norteño, and other forms of roots music from the United States and elsewhere in the world. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He died at age 91 in San Rafael, California.
2022 ~ Kevin Samuels (b. Mar. 13, 1965), African-American influencer and relationship guru who preached traditional gender roles. He was an influential YouTuber. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He died in Atlanta, Georgia at age 56.
2017 ~ Adolph Kiefer (né Adolph Gustav Kiefer; b. June 27, 1918), American Olympian who got the Navy swimming. He competed in the 1936 Olympics and won a gold medal, but because the Games were cancelled with the outbreak of World War II, he was unable to compete in to win more medals. He joined the United States Navy as a specialist in the physical fitness division. When he learned that most sailors were unable to swim, he developed a Navy-wide swimming safety program. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 98 in Wadsworth, Illinois.
2008 ~ Irv Robbins (né Irvine Robbins; b. Dec. 6, 1917), Canadian-American businessman and co-founder of the Baskin-Robbins ice cream company. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He died in Rancho Mirage, California. He was 90 years old.
2007 ~ Theodore Maiman (né Theodore Harold Maiman; b. July 11, 1927), American physicist credited with inventing the laser. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 79 in Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada.
1993 ~ Irving Howe (né Irving Horenstein; b. June 11, 1920), American literary and social critic. He was born in the Bronx, New York. He died of cardiovascular disease at age 72 in Manhattan, New York.
1981 ~ Bobby Sands (né Robert Gerard Sands; b. Mar. 9, 1954), Irish activist. He died in the Long Kesh prison following a 66-day hunger strike. He was 27 years old.
1959 ~ Carlos Saavedra Lamas (b. Nov. 1, 1878), Argentine politician and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born and died in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He died of a brain hemorrhage at age 80.
1957 ~ Leopold Löwenheim (b. June 26, 1878), German mathematician. He died at age 78 in Berlin, Germany.
1944 ~ Bertha Benz (née Bertha Ringer; b. May 3, 1849), German automotive pioneer. She was married to Karl Benz (1844 ~ 1929), and together they formed the Benz automotive manufacturing company. She is also known for being the first person to take a long-distance road trip when she took her two sons from Mannheim to Pforzheim, Germany. She died two days after her 95th birthday.
1921 ~ Alfred Hermann Fried (b. Nov. 11, 1864), Austrian writer and pacifist. He was the recipient of the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born and died in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 56.
1902 ~ Bret Harte (né Francis Bret Harte; b. Aug. 25, 1836), American author best known for his stories about the American west. He was born in Albany, New York. He died at age 65 in Camberley, England of throat cancer.
1892 ~ August Wilhelm von Hofmann (b. Apr. 8, 1818), German organic chemist. He died a month after his 74thbirthday in Berlin, Germany.
1859 ~ Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (né Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet; b. Feb. 13, 1805), German mathematician. He is best known for his contribution to number theory. He died at age 54.
1821 ~ Napoleon I (né Napoleon Bonaparte, b. Aug. 15, 1769), French military leader and Emperor of France. He died in exile on the island of St. Helena. He was 51 years old.
1705 ~ Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. June 9, 1640). He reigned from July 1658 until his death 57 years later. He was married three times. His first wife was Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain (1651 ~ 1674). They married in 1666. They had four children together, only one of whom survived childhood. She is said to have inspired her husband to expel the Jews from Vienna thinking they were to blame for the deaths of her infants. After her death, he married Claudia Felicitas of Austria (1653 ~ 1676). His third wife was Eleonore Magdalena of Neuburg (1655 ~ 1720). They were the parents of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria Anna of Spain. He was Roman Catholic. He died about a month before his 65th birthday.
1582 ~ Charlotte of Bourbon (b. 1540s), Princess consort of Orange and third wife of William I, Prince of Orange (1533 ~ 1584), also known as William the Silent. They married in 1575. She was of the House of Bourbon-Montpensier. She was the daughter of Louis, Duke of Montpensier and Jacqueline de Longwy. The exact date of her birth is not known. She died of exhaustion at age 35 or 36.
1316 ~ Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (b. Aug. 7, 1282), member of the British family and English princess. She was married twice. Her first husband was John I, Count of Holland (1284 ~ 1299), making her the Countess consort of Holland. They married in 1297. After his death, she married Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Herefort (1276 ~ 1322). They married in 1302. She was of the House of Plantagenet. She was the eighth child of Edward I, King of England and Eleanor of Castile. She died at age 33 due to complications of childbirth of her 11th child.
1309 ~ Charles II, King of Naples (b. 1254). He ruled over Naples from January 1285 until his death in 1309. He was married to Maria of Hungary (1257 ~ 1323). They married when she was 12 years old. He was of the House of Anjou-Naples. He was the son of Charles I, King of Naples and Beatrice of Provence. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about age 54 or 55 at the time of his death.
1198 ~ Sophia of Minsk (b. 1140), Queen consort of Denmark. She was the wife of Valdemar I, King of Denmark (1131 ~ 1182). He was her first husband. They married in 1157. According to legend, she murdered Valdemar’s mistress. After his death, she married Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia (1150s ~ 1190). She was of the Rurikid dynasty. She was the daughter of Volodar of Minsk and Richeza of Poland. She was Roman Catholic. The date of her birth is unknown.
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