Birthdays:
1992 ~ Erika Hilton (née Erika Santos Silva), Brazilian politician and activist for black and LGBT rights. She is one of two openly transgender people elected to the National Congress of Brazil. She was born in São Paulo, Brazil.
1969 ~ Raphaël Rouquier (né Raphaël Alexis Marcel Rouquier), French mathematician.
1967 ~ Joshua Bell (né Joshua David Bell), American violinist and conductor. He was born in Bloomington, Indiana.
1966 ~ Kirsten Gillibrand (née Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik), American Democratic United State Senator from New York State. She took office in January 2009. In 2019, she was briefly a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President. She was born in Albany, New York.
1963 ~ Masako (née Masako Owada), Empress consort of Japan. She became a royal by her marriage to Crown Prince Naruhito. They married in 1993. In May 2019, her husband ascended to the Japanese throne and became the Emperor. She was born in Tokyo, Japan.
1962 ~ Felicity Huffman (née Felicity Kendall Huffman), American actress and wife of William H. Macy. She was convicted of mail fraud in a nationwide college entrance exam cheating scandal as she tried to get her daughter in college. She spent 2 weeks in prison in October 2019. She was born in Bedford, New York.
1953 ~ John Malkovich (né John Garin Malkovich), American actor. He was born in Christopher, Illinois.
1950 ~ Joan Armatrading (née Joan Anita Barbara Armatrading), St. Kitt-born English musician.
1945 ~ Michael Nouri, American actor. He is best known for his role as Nick Hurley in the 1983 movie Flashdance. He was born in Washington, D.C.
1943 ~ Joanna Trollope, British author.
1942 ~ Joe McGinniss, Sr. (né Joseph Ralph McGinniss; d. Mar. 10, 2014), American author and journalist. He is best known for writing true crime books, such as Fatal Attraction. He was born in New York, New York. He died of prostate cancer at age 71 in Worcester, Massachusetts.
1942 ~ Dick Butkus (né Richard Marvin Butkus; d. Oct. 5, 1923), American fierce linebacker who was the ultimate Chicago Bear. He played for the Chicago Bears from 1965 to 1973. He later became a sports commentator. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 80 in Malibu, California.
1941 ~ Beau Bridges (né Lloyd Vernet Bridges, III), American actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
1937 ~ Bertrice Small (d. Feb. 24, 2015), American novelist who sexed up romantic fiction. She was born in Manhattan, New York. She died at age 77 in Southold, New York.
1936 ~ A.B. Yehoshua (né Avraham Gabriel Yehoshua; d. June 14, 2022), Israeli novelist. He was born in Jerusalem, Israel. He died in Tel Aviv, Israel at age 85.
1934 ~ Dame Judi Dench (née Judith Olivia Dench), English actress. She was born in York, England.
1933 ~ Milt Campbell (né Milton Gray Campbell, b. Nov. 2, 2012), African-American superb athlete who won the 1952 Olympic decathlon. He was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. He died in Gainesville, Georgia about a month before his 79th birthday.
1932 ~ Donald Byrd (né Donaldson Toussaint L’Ouverture Byrd, d. Feb. 4, 2013), African-American jazz trumpeter who moved from hard bop to funk. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died at age 80 in Dover, Delaware.
1930 ~ Buck Henry (né Henry Zuckerman; d. Jan. 8, 2020), American comedy legend who co-wrote The Graduate. He was a comedic actor and film screenwriter. He was born in New York, New York. He died of a massive heart attack in Los Angeles, California a month after his 89th birthday.
1929 ~ John Cassavetes (né John Nicholas Cassavetes; d. Feb. 3, 1989), American actor and film director. He was born in New York, New York. He died of liver disease at age 59 in Los Angeles, California.
1928 ~ Dick Van Patten (né Richard Vincent Van Patten; d. June 23, 2015), American actor. He is best known for his role as the father on the television drama Eight is Enough. He was born in Queens, New York. He died of complications of diabetes at age 86 in Santa Monica, California.
1927 ~ Pierre Henry (né Pierre Georges Henry; d. July 5, 2017), French composer who pioneered electronic music. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 89.
1926 ~ Henry Way Kendall (d. Feb. 15, 1999), American physicist and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 72 in a diving accident in a cave in Florida.
1923 ~ Kate Swift (d. May 7, 2011), American feminist author who skewered sexist language. She was born in Yonkers, New York. She died at age 87 in Middletown, Connecticut.
1922 ~ Redd Foxx (né John Elroy Sanford; d. Oct. 11, 1991), African-American actor and comedian. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died of a heart attack at age 68 in Los Angeles, California.
1919 ~ Roy DeCarava (né Roy Rudolph DeCarava; d. Oct. 27, 2009), African-American photographer who chronicled black lives. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 89.
1919 ~ William Lipscomb (né William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.; d. Apr. 14, 2011), American chemist and recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He died at age 91 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1918 ~ Louie Welch (d. Jan. 27, 2008), Mayor of Houston, Texas from 1964 until 1973. He was born in Lockney, Texas. He died at age 89 in Houston, Texas.
1917 ~ James Rainwater (né Leo James Rainwater; d. May 31, 1986), American physicist and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Council, Idaho. He died of a heart attack at age 68 in New York, New York.
1916 ~ I.J. Good (né Isadore Jacob Gudak; d. Apr. 5, 2009), British mathematician and cryptologist. He worked with Alan Turing. He was born in London, England. He died at age 92 in Radford, Virginia.
1916 ~ Kirk Douglas (né Issur Danielovitch; d. Feb. 5, 2020), American actor. He was the Spartacus star who blazed his own path in Hollywood. He was born in Amsterdam, New York. He died at age 103 in Beverly Hills, California.
1912 ~ Tip O’Neill (né Thomas Phillip O’Neill; d. Jan. 5, 1994), American politician from Massachusetts and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He served as Speaker for 10 years, from January 1977 until January 1987. He was a Representative from Massachusetts. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He died 27 days after his 81stbirthday in Boston, Massachusetts.
1911 ~ Broderick Crawford (né William Broderick Crawford; d. Apr. 26, 1986), American actor. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 74 in Rancho Mirage, California.
1909 ~ Douglas Fairbanks (né Douglas Elton Fairbanks, Jr.; d. May 7, 2000), American actor. He was born and died in New York, New York. He died at age 90.
1906 ~ Grace Hopper (née Grace Brewster Murray; d. Jan. 1, 1992), Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and computer scientist pioneer. She was the computer scientist who designed COBOL. In November 2016, she was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. She was born in New York, New York. She died in Arlington County, Virginia, just 23 days after her 85th birthday.
1905 ~ Dalton Trumbo (né James Dalton Trumbo; d. Sept. 10, 1976), American screenwriter and novelist. He was born in Montrose, Colorado. He died of a heart attack at age 70 in Los Angeles, California. His life story was in the 2015 film, Trumbo, which starred Bryan Cranston.
1902 ~ Margaret Hamilton (née Margaret Brainard Hamilton; d. May 16, 1985), American actress best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She died in Salisbury, Connecticut of a heart attack at age 82.
1898 ~ Emmett Kelly (né Emmett Leo Kelly; d. Mar. 28, 1979), American clown and actor. He was born in Sedan, Kansas. He died of myocardial infarction at age 80 in Sarasota, Florida.
1886 ~ Clarence Birdseye (né Clarence Frank Birdseye, II; d. Oct. 7, 1956), American businessman who perfected the modern technique of freezing foods. He later founded the Birds Eye Company. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of a heart attack at age 69 in Manhattan, New York.
1883 ~ Nikolai Luzin (d. Jan. 28, 1950), Russian mathematician. He died at age 66 in Moscow, Russia.
1883 ~ Joseph Pilates (né Joseph Hubertus Pilates; d. Oct. 9, 1967), American fitness trainer. He developed and promoted the Pilates method of physical fitness. He was born in Germany. He died at age 83 in New York, New York.
1870 ~ Dr. Ida Scudder (née Ida Sophia Scudder, d. May 23, 1960), American missionary and physician in India. She died at age 89.
1868 ~ Fritz Haber (d. Jan. 29, 1934), German chemist and recipient of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is considered the Father of Chemical Warfare. He died at age 65 in Basel, Switzerland.
1864 ~ Breaker Morant (né Edwin Henry Morant; d. Feb. 27, 1902), Anglo-Australian soldier who allegedly participated in the summary execution of several Boer prisoners during the Second Boer War, as well as a witness to the executions. His actions lead to a court-martial, and he was executed for murder. He was 37 years old.
1848 ~ Joel Chandler Harris (d. July 3, 1908), American writer. He is best known for his collection of Uncle Remusstories. He was born in Eatonton, Georgia. He died of nephrosis at age 59 in Atlanta, Georgia.
1810 ~ Auguste de Beahuarnais, Duke of Luechtenberg (d. Mar. 28, 1835), Prince consort of Portugal and first husband of Maria II, Queen of Portugal. They married in January 1835, but he died 2 months later. He was of the House of Beauharnais. He was the son of Eugène de Beauharnais and Princess Augusta of Bavaria. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 24.
1779 ~ Tabitha Babbitt (né Sarah Babbitt; d. Dec. 10, 1853), American tool maker and inventor. She was credited with inventing the circular saw. She was a member of the Harvard Shaker Community. Because she was a Shaker, she never patented any of her inventions. She was born in Hardwick, Massachusetts. She died in Harvard, Massachusetts 1 day after her 74th birthday.
1745 ~ Maddalena Laura Sirmen (d. May 18, 1818), Italian composer and violinist. She was born in Venice, Italy. She died at age 72.
1751 ~ Maria Luisa of Parma (d. Jan. 2, 1819), Queen consort of Spain. She was the wife of Charles IV, King of Spain. They married in 1765. She was of the House of Bourbon-Parma. She was the daughter of Philip, Duke of Parma and Princess Louise Élisabeth of France. She was Roman Catholic. She died about a month after her 67th birthday.
1667 ~ William Whiston (d. Aug. 22, 1752), English mathematician and theologian. He died at age 84.
1608 ~ John Milton (d. Nov. 8, 1674), English poet. He is best known for his work Paradise Lost. He was born and died in London, England. He died a month before his 66th birthday.
1594 ~ Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (d. Nov. 6, 1632). He ruled over Sweden from 1611 until his death in 1632. He was married to Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg. He was of the House of Vasa. He was the son of Charles IX, King of Sweden and Christina of Holstein-Gottorp. He was Lutheran. He was killed at ag 37 in the Battle of Lützen.
1571 ~ Metius (né Adriaan Adriaanszoon; d. Sept. 6, 1635), Dutch mathematician and astronomer. He died at age 63.
1508 ~ Gemma Frisius (né Jemme Reinerszoon; d. May 25, 1555), Dutch physician, cartographer, and mathematician. He died at age 47.
1447 ~ Chenghua (b. Sept. 9, 1487), 9th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He reigned from February 1464 until his death 23 years later. He died at age 39.
1392 ~ Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra (d. May 20, 1449), member of the Portuguese royal family. He was married to Isabella of Urgell. He was of the House of Aviz. He was the son of John I, King of Portugal and Princess Philippa of Lancaster. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 56.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ A volcano on New Zealand’s White Island erupted. Although the island was uninhabited, there were several tourists visiting the island at the time of the eruption. At least 22 people were killed from the eruption.
2017 ~ Australia passed a law to recognized same-sex marriages.
2008 ~ Rod Blagojevich (b. 1956), the Governor of Illinois, was arrested for several crimes, including the attempt to sell the United States Senate seat that was vacated by President-Elect Barack Obama. He was later found guilty and sentenced to prison. His arrest came 1 day before his 52nd birthday. In February 2020, his sentence was commuted by President Donald Trump (b. 1946).
2000 ~ The Supreme Court of the United States stayed the sixth Florida presidential recount in the race between George W. Bush (b. 1946) and Al Gore (b. 1948). The ruling by the Supreme Court would be issued on December 12, 2000 declaring George Bush to be the elected President of the United States.
1992 ~ Nearly 2000 United States Marines arrived in Mogadishu, Somalia to spearhead a multinational force aimed at restoring calm in the conflict-ridden country. The mission was called Operation Restore Hope. In March 1994, President Bill Clinton (b. 1946) ordered all American soldiers out of Somalia, although violence continued in the country.
1992 ~ The separation of Prince Charles (b. 1948) and Diana, Princess of Wales (1961 ~ 1997) was announced to the public.
1990 ~ Lech Wałęsa (b. 1943) was elected President of Poland.
1987 ~ The First Intifada began in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
1979 ~ The smallpox virus was officially certified as eradicated.
1965 ~ A Charlie Brown Christmas was first broadcast. It was the first Peanuts special to be aired on television.
1962 ~ Arizona’s Petrified Forest National Park was established.
1961 ~ Nazi Adolf Eichmann (1906 ~ 1962) was found guilty on 15 criminal charges, including crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people and of being a member of an outlawed organization.
1958 ~ The conservative organization, the John Birch Society was founded in the United States.
1953 ~ General Electric announced that all communist employees would be relieved from their employment during the Red Scare.
1950 ~ Harry Gold (1910 ~ 1972) was sentenced to 30 years in jail for helping Klaus Fuchs (1911 ~ 1988) pass information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union. Testimony in his trial was instrumental in the prosecution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (1918 ~ 1953 and 1915 ~ 1953, respectively).
1946 ~ The Doctors’ Trials portion of the Nuremberg Trials began in which doctors who were alleged to have been involved in experimentation with humans and mass murder under the guise of euthanasia, were prosecuted. Twenty of the 23 defendants were medical doctors. Of the 23 defendants, sever were acquitted, seven received the death sentence and the others all received prison sentences ranging from 10 years to life imprisonment.
1935 ~ The Downtown Athletic Club Trophy in football was first awarded. This was later renamed the Heisman Trophy. The recipient of the award was John Jacob “Jay” Berwanger (1914 ~ 2002), a student at the University of Chicago.
1911 ~ A mine explosion near Briceville, Tennessee killed 84 miners.
1905 ~ France passed a law separating church and state.
1872 ~ P.B.S. Pinchback (né Pinckney Benton Stewart, 1837 ~ 1921), became the first African-American governor of a State in the United States, when he became governor of Louisiana. He served for only 35 days, until January 13, 1873.
1868 ~ The first traffic lights were installed on Parliament Street in London, England. The lights used semaphore arms and were illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps.
1854 ~ Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem, The Charge of the Light Brigade was first published, which recounts the failed British military maneuver during the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean War.
1851 ~ The first YMCA in North America began in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
1793 ~ Noah Webster (1758 ~ 1843) began publishing the American Minerva, New York City’s first daily newspaper.
1775 ~ The Continental Army defeated the British in Battle of Great Bridge, Virginia, during the American Revolutionary War.
1531 ~ The Virgin of Guadalupe first appeared to Juan Diego (1474 ~ 1548) in Mexico City. Juan Deigo was the first Roman Catholic indigenous saint from the Americas. He is said to have seen the Virgin Mary on four separate occasions in 1531.
730 ~ In the Battle of Marj Ardabil, the Khazars conquered the Umayyad army and killed al-Djarrah ibn Abdullah al-Hakami, its commander.
Good-Byes:
2022 ~ Joseph Kittinger (né Joseph William Kittinger, III; b. July 27, 1928), American daredevil who set a skydiving record. He held the world record for the highest skydive at 102,800 from 1960 until 2012. He served in the United States Air Force and was a fighter pilot in the Vietnam War. He spent 11 months as a POW in a North Vietnamese prison camp. He was born in Tampa, Florida. He died at age 94 in Orlando, Florida.
2021 ~ Al Unser (né Alfred Unser; b. May 29, 1939), American Indy 500 champ who brought glory to a racing dynasty. His brother and son also raced in the Indy 500. He was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He died of cancer at age 82 in Chama, New Mexico.
2021 ~ Lina Wertmüller (née Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller von Elgg Spanol von Braueich; b. Aug. 14, 1928), Italian film director. She was born and died in Rome, Italy. She died at age 93.
2019 ~ Margaret Morgan Lawrence (née Margaret Cornelia Morgan; b. Aug. 19, 1914), African American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. She is best known for researching development of strength in young Black families. She was born in New York, New York. She died at age 105 in Boston, Massachusetts.
2018 ~ Riccardo Giacconi (b. Oct. 6, 1931), Italian physicist and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics. His work formed the foundation for X-ray astronomy. He was born in Genoa, Italy. He died at age 87 in San Diego, California.
2012 ~ Norman Joseph Woodland (b. Sept. 6, 1921), American inventor and co-creator of the bar code, known as the Universal Product Code. He was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He died at age 91 in Edgewater, New Jersey.
2010 ~ Dov Shilansky (b. Mar. 21, 1924), Israeli politician. He died at age 86 in Tel Aviv.
2003 ~ Paul Simon (né Paul Martin Simon; b. Nov. 29, 1928), American politician and United States Senator from Illinois. He was born in Eugene, Oregon. He died 10 days after his 75th birthday in Springfield, Illinois.
2002 ~ Ezra Solomon (b. Mar. 20, 1920), American economist. He was born in Rangoon, British Burma. He died of a stroke at age 82 in Stanford, California.
2000 ~ Florence Rush (b. Jan. 223, 1918), American social worker. She was born in Manhattan, New York. She died at age 90.
1996 ~ Mary Leakey (née Mary Douglas Nicol; b. Feb. 6, 1913), English archeologist and anthropologist. She was the wife of archeologist Louis Leakey. She was born in London, England. She died at age 83 in Nairobi, Kenya.
1996 ~ Alain Poher (b. Apr. 17, 1909), President of France. He died at age 87 in Paris, France.
1995 ~ Douglas Corrigan (b. Jan. 22, 1907), American pilot and engineer. He earned the nickname Wrong Way Corrigan following a flight he was to pilot from New York to California, but instead he ended up in Ireland. He was born in Galveston, Texas. He died at age 88 in Santa Ana, California.
1995 ~ Evan Esar (b. July 2, 1899), American humorist. He died at age 96.
1991 ~ Berenice Abbott (née Bernice Alice Abbott; b. July 17, 1898), American photographer. She was born in Springfield, Ohio. She died at age 93 in Monson, Maine.
1982 ~ Leon Jaworski (né Leonidas Jaworski; b. Sept. 19, 1905), American attorney. He served as the Special Prosecutor during the Watergate Scandal. He was born in Waco, Texas. He died at age 77 in Wimberley, Texas.
1979 ~ Fulton J. Sheen (né John Peter Sheen; b. May 8, 1895), American bishop in the Catholic Church and televangelist. He was born in El Paso, Illinois. He died at age 84 in New York, New York.
1972 ~ Louella Parsons (née Louella Rose Oettinger; b. Aug. 6, 1881), American screenwriter and gossip columnist. She was born in Freeport, Illinois. She died at age 91 in Santa Monica, California.
1971 ~ Ralph Bunche (né Ralph Johnson Bunche; b. Aug. 7, 1904), African-American statesman, civil rights activist and recipient of the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the first African-American to be awarded the Peace Prize. It was for his role in the mediation in Israel during the late 1940s. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died of complication of diabetes at age 68 in New York, New York.
1965 ~ Branch Rickey (né Wesley Branch Rickey; b. Dec. 20, 1884), American professional baseball player and executive. He was born in Portsmouth, Ohio. He died 11 days before his 84th birthday in Columbia, Missouri.
1964 ~ Dame Edith Sitwell (née Edith Louisa Sitwell; b. Sept. 7, 1887), British poet and critic. She died at age 77 in London, England.
1948 ~ Robert Quillen (né Verni Robert Quillen; b. Mar. 25, 1887), American journalist and humorist. He was born in Syracuse, Kansas. He died at age 61 in Asheville, North Carolina.
1937 ~ Gustaf Dalén (né Nils Gustaf Dalén; b. Nov. 30, 1869), Swedish physicist and recipient of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died 9 days after his 68th birthday.
1935 ~ Walter Liggett (né Walter William Liggett; b. Feb. 14, 1886), American newspaper editor, investigative reporter, and muckraker. He was born in Minnesota. He was murdered in a gangland shooting in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was 49 years old.
1924 ~ Mahlon R. Pitney (b. Feb. 5, 1858), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President William Taft. He served on the Court from March 1912 through December 1922. He wrote the majority opinion in Frank v. Magnum, which upheld the wrongful murder conviction of Leo Frank. He replaced John Harlan on the Court. He was succeeded by Edward Sanford. He was born in Morristown, New Jersey. He died at age 66 in Washington, D.C., two years after his retirement from the Court.
1874 ~ Ezra Cornell (b. Jan. 11, 1807), American businessman and founder of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died about a month before his 68th birthday in Ithaca, New York.
1814 ~ Joseph Bramah (b. Apr. 13, 1748), English inventor who invented the Hydraulic press. He died of pneumonia at age 66 in London, England.
1706 ~ Peter II, King of Portugal (b. Apr. 26, 1648). He reigned as King from September 12, 1682 until his death in December 1706. He was known as The Pacific because he reigned during a time of peace. He was married twice. First to Maria Francisca of Savoy. They married in 1668. They had one daughter, Isabel Luisa. Peter was her 2nd husband. She had previously been married to his brother, Afonso VI, King of Portugal. She died in 1683. In 1687, he married Maria Sofia of Neuberg. They had 7 children together. He also had 3 illegitimate children with 3 different mistresses. He was of the House of Braganza. He was the son of John VI, King of Portugal and Luisa de Guzmán. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 58. He was succeeded by his son, John IV, King of Portugal.
1669 ~ Pope Clement IX (né Giulio Rospigliosi; b. Jan. 28, 1600). He was Pope from June 1667 until his death on this date 2 years later. He died at age 69.
1641 ~ Sir Anthony van Dyck (né Antoon van Dyck; b. Mar. 22, 1599), Flemish painter. He died in London at age 42 following a long illness.
1565 ~ Pope Pius IV (né Giovanni Angelo Medici; b. Mar. 31, 1499). He was Pope from 1559 until his death 6 years later. He is best known for presiding over the final session of the Council of Trent. He was 66 years old at the time of his death.
1437 ~ Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (b. Feb. 15, 1368). He ruled as Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437. He was married twice. His first wife was Mary, Queen of Hungary (1371 ~ 1395). She died from a fall from a horse while pregnant. His second wife was Barbara of Celje (1392 ~ 1451). He was known as Sigismund of Luxembourg. He was of the House of Luxembourg. He was the son of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 69.
1165 ~ Malcolm IV, King of Scotland (b. Apr. 23, 1141). He reigned as King of Scots from May 1153 until his death in December 1165. He succeeded his grandfather, David I, King of Scotland. He never married. He was of the House of Dunkirk. He was the son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumbria, and Ada de Warenne. He died suddenly at age 24.
1048 ~ Al-Biruni (b. Sept. 4, 973), Persian mathematician. The exact dates of his birth and death are not known, but these are the traditional dates of his lifespan. He died at age 75.
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