Birthdays:
1987 ~ Pinky Cole (née Aisha Cole), African-American restaurateur. She is the owner and operator of Slutty Vegan, a plant-based burger restaurant chain. She was born in Baltimore, Maryland.
1982 ~ Nicki Minaj (née Onika Tanya Maraj), Trinidian rapper and musician. She was born in Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago.
1969 ~ Kristin Lauter (née Kristin Estella Lauter), American mathematician. She was born in Wisconsin.
1968 ~ Joy Reid (née Joy-Ann Lomena), American journalist and television host. She was born in New York, New York.
1966 ~ Sinéad O'Connor (née Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor; d. July 26, 2023), Irish singer, songwriter, and rebellious political activist who was punished for her protests. She was born in Dublin, Ireland. She died at age 56 in London, England.
1964 ~ Teri Hatcher (née Teri Lynn Hatcher), American actress. She was born in Palo Alto, California.
1961 ~ Ann Coulter (née Ann Hart Coulter), American conservative media pundit. She was born in New York, New York.
1960 ~ Bill McKibben (né William Ernest McKibben), American environmentalist, journalist and author. He has written extensively about global warming. He was born in Palo Alto, California.
1953 ~ Kim Basinger (née Kimila Ann Basinger), American actress. She was married to Alex Baldwin. She was born in Athens, Georgia.
1951 ~ Bill Bryson (né William McGuire Bryson), American-British author, essayist, and travel writer. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa.
1949 ~ Mary Gordon (née Mary Catherine Gordon), American novelist. She is best known for her 1981 novel Company of Women. She was born in Far Rockaway, New York.
1948 ~ Luis Caffarelli (né Luis Angel Caffarelli), Argentine mathematician. He was born in Buenos Aries, Argentina.
1947 ~ Gregg Allman (né Gregg LeNoir Allman; d. May 27, 2017), American soulful singer who shaped southern rock. One of his 7 wives was Cher. He was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He died of liver cancer at age 69 in Richmond Hill, Georgia.
1947 ~ Thomas Cech (né Thomas Robert Cech), American chemist and recipient of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in the discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1947 ~ Margaret Geller (née Margaret Joan Geller), American astrophysicist and astronomer. She was born in Ithaca, New York.
1945 ~ John Banville (né William John Banville), Irish novelist. He was born in Wedford, Ireland.
1943 ~ Jim Morrison (né James Douglas Morrison; d. July 3, 1971), American frontman for the band The Doors. He was born in Melbourne, Florida. He died at age 27 in Paris, France.
1942 ~ Toots Hibbert (né Frederick Nathaniel Hibbert; d. Sept. 11, 2020), Jamaican soulful singer who gave reggae its name. He was born in May Pen, Jamaica and died at age 77 in Kingston, Jamaica.
1939 ~ Mary Catherine Bateson (d. Jan. 2, 2021), American anthropologist. She was the daughter of Margaret Mead. She was born in New York, City. She died in Dartmouth, New Hampshire at age 81.
1936 ~ David Carradine (né John Arthur Carradine, Jr.; d. June 3, 2009), American actor, best known for his role as Kwai Chang Caine in the TV show, Kung Fu. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 72 in Bangkok, Thailand.
1934 ~ Eloy Gutiérrez-Menoyo (d. Oct. 26, 2012), Cuban ex-revolutionary who was jailed by Castro. He was born in Madrid, Spain. He died at age 77 in Havana, Cuba.
1933 ~ Flip Wilson (né Clerow Wilson, Jr.; d. Nov. 25, 1998), American actor and comedian. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. He died of liver cancer 13 days before his 65th birthday in Malibu, California.
1930 ~ Maximilian Schell (d. Feb. 1, 2014), Austrian actor who explored World War II’s legacy. He is best known for his role in Judgment at Nuremberg. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 83 in Innsbruck, Austria.
1930 ~ Sherwin Bernard Nuland (né Shepsel Ber Nudelman; d. Mar. 3, 2014), American surgeon who demystified dying. He wrote extensively about death with dignity. He was born in New York, New York. He died of prostate cancer at age 83 Hamden, Connecticut.
1929 ~ Gérard de Villiers (d. Oct. 31, 2013), French spy novelist who spun tales from real sources. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 83.
1927 ~ Dr. Ferdie Pacheco (né Ferando Pacheco, d. Nov. 16, 2017), American physician who stood in Muhammad Ali’s corner. He was known as The Fight Doctor. He was born in Tampa, Florida. He died in Miami, Florida just 22 days before his 90th birthday.
1925 ~ Sammy Davis, Jr. (né Samuel George Davis, Jr.; d. May 16, 1990), American entertainer. He was born in New York, New York. He died of throat cancer at age 64 in Beverly Hills, California.
1922 ~ Lucian Freud (né Lucian Michael Freud; d. July 20, 2011), German-English artist and grandson of Sigmund Freud. He was the painter who put the brutal truth into the modern portrait. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He died at age 88 in London, England.
1919 ~ Julia Robinson (née Julia Hall Bowman; d. July 30, 1985), American mathematician. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She died at age 65 of leukemia in Oakland, California.
1913 ~ Delmore Schwartz (d. July 11, 1966), American poet and short story writer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of a heart attack at age 52 in New York, New York.
1908 ~ John A. Volpe (né John Anthony Volpe; d. Nov. 11, 1994), 2nd United States Secretary of Transportation. He served in the Richard Nixon administration from January 1969 until February 1973. He previously served two terms as Governor of Massachusetts: first from January 1961 until January 1963 and second from January 1965 until January 1969. He was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts. He died less than a month before his 86th birthday in Nahant, Massachusetts.
1894 ~ E.C. Segar (né Elzie Crisier Segar; d. Oct. 13, 1938), American cartoonist and creator of Popeye. He was born in Chester, Illinois. He died of leukemia at age 43 in Santa Monica, California.
1894 ~ James Thurber (né James Grover Thurber; d. Nov. 2, 1961), American writer and humorist. He was born in Columbus, Ohio. He died about a month before his 67th birthday in New York, New York.
1886 ~ Diego Rivera (d. Nov. 24, 1957), Mexican painter. He was married to the artist Frida Kahlo. He was born in Guanajuato City, Mexico. He died 2 weeks before his 71st birthday in Mexico City, Mexico.
1868 ~ Norman Douglas (né George Norman Douglas; d. Feb. 7, 1952), British novelist. He is best known of his 1917 novel South Wind. He was born in Austria-Hungary He died at age 83 in Capri, Italy.
1865 ~ Jean Sibelius (né Johan Julius Christian Sebelius; d. Sept. 20, 1957), Finnish composer best known for his famous work, Finlandia, which was first performed in Helsinki in 1900. He died at age 91.
1865 ~ Jacques Hadamard (né Jacques Salomon Hadamard; d. Oct. 17, 1963), French mathematician. He is best known for his work in number theory. He was born in Versailles, France. He died at age 97 in Paris, France.
1864 ~ Camille Claudel (d. Oct. 19, 1943), French sculptor and illustrator. She died at age 78.
1861 ~ William C. Durant (né William Crapo Durant; d. Mar. 18, 1947), American businessman and co-founder of General Motors and Chevrolet. He also founded Frigidaire. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 85 in New York, New York.
1832 ~ Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (né Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson; d. Apr. 26, 1910), Norwegian author and recipient of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was born in Kvikne, Norway. He died at age 77 in Paris, France.
1818 ~ Charles III, Prince of Monaco (né Charles Honoré Grimaldi, d. Sept. 10, 1889), founder of the Monte Carlo casino. He was married to Antoinette de Mérode. He was of the House of Grimaldi. He was the son of Florestan, Prince of Monaco and Maria Caroline Gilbert de Lametz. He was born in Paris, France. He died at age 70 in Château de Marchais.
1813 ~ August Belmont, Sr. (d. Nov. 24, 1890), Prussian-born financier. He served as the 16th United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. He was also a horse breeder. The Belmont Stakes are named in his honor. He died 2 weeks before his 77th birthday in Manhattan, New York.
1795 ~ Peter Andreas Hansen (d. Mar. 28, 1874), Danish astronomer and mathematician. He died at age 78.
1765 ~ Eli Whitney, Jr. (d. Jan. 8, 1825), American inventor who developed the cotton gin. He was born in Westborough, Massachusetts. He died in New Haven, Connecticut a month after his 59th birthday.
1756 ~ Archduke Maximilian Francis (d. July 26, 1801), member of the royal family of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the Elector of Cologne. He never married. He was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the youngest child of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria. He was born in his father’s 48th birthday. He died at age 44.
1730 ~ Jan Igenhousz (d. Sept. 7, 1799), Dutch physiologist, biologist and chemist best known for discovering the process of photosynthesis by showing that light is essential to the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. He died at age 86.
1708 ~ Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Aug. 18, 1765). He reigned as the Holy Roman Emperor from September 1745 until his death 20 years later. He was married to Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria. They married in 1736. He was of the House of Lorraine. He was of the son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d’Orléans. He was Roman Catholic. He died suddenly at age 56.
1699 ~ Maria Josepha of Austria (d. Nov. 17, 1757), Queen consort of Poland and wife of Augustus III, King of Poland. They married in 1719. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick. She died of a stroke 3 weeks before her 58th birthday.
1542 ~ Mary, Queen of Scots (d. Feb. 8, 1587). She reigned as Queen from December 1542 until July 1567. She is also known as Mary Stuart. Her father died when she was just six days old, thus she ascended to the throne as a baby. In 1558, she married Francis II, King of France (1544 ~ 1560), making her, briefly the Queen consort of France. Francis, however, he died 2 years after they married. She later married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546 ~ 1567), her cousin. They had a son, James. Following the murder of Lord Darnley, Mary married James Hepburn (1534 ~ 1578). Mary was forced to abdicate in favor or her son, James. She was of the House of Stuart. She was the daughter of James V, King of Scotland and Mary of Guise. She was Roman Catholic. She was executed on suspicion of having been involved in a plot to kill her cousin, Elizabeth I, Queen of England. She was 44 at the time of her execution.
65 BCE ~ Horace (d. Nov. 27, 8 BCE), the traditional date ascribed to the birth of this Roman poet. He is believed to have died 11 days before his 57th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2022 ~ WNBA star Brittney Griner (b. 1990) was released from a Russian prison and returned to the United States. She had been arrested in Moscow, Russia in February 2022 for possession of cannabis oil and sentenced to hard labor. She was released in exchanged for Viktor Bout, a notorious Russian arms dealer.
2020 ~ Margaret Keenan, a 90-year-old grandmother living in the United Kingdom, became the first person to receive a vaccine against the Covid-19 virus outside of clinical trials.
2019 ~ The first case of Covid-19 was confirmed in China.
2007 ~ An assassination attempt was made on Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan’s only female Prime Minister. She was killed 19 days later.
2004 ~ The Cusco Declaration was signed in Cusco, Peru, which established the South American Community of Nations.
1993 ~ The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was signed into law by President Bill Clinton (b. 1946). It went into effect on January 1, 1994.
1991 ~ Leaders of Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine signed an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States.
1988 ~ Yasser Arafat (1929 ~ 2004) recognized the right of Israel to exist.
1987 ~ The First Intifada began after an Israeli army tank transporter killed four Arabs in a traffic accident at the Erez Crossing on the Israel-Gaza Strip border.
1980 ~ John Lennon (1940 ~ 1980) was murdered by Mark Chapman (b. 1955) in front of his apartment building in New York City.
1972 ~ United Airlines Flight 553 crashed after aborting a landing at Chicago Midway International Airport. All 45 crew and passengers aboard were killed.
1963 ~ Pan Am Flight 214, en flight from Baltimore, Maryland to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was struck by lightning. It caused the plane to crash, killing all 81 crew and passengers aboard.
1955 ~ The Flag of Europe, or European Flag was adopted by the Council of Europe. The flag depicts 12 golden five-pointed stars in a circle on a blue background.
1941 ~ The United States Congress declared war on Japan on the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 ~ 1945) gave his speech declaring December 7 to be a “date which will live in infamy.”
1927 ~ The Brookings Institution was founded. It is one of the oldest think tanks in the United States. It was created by Robert S. Brookings (1850 ~ 1932).
1907 ~ Gustaf V (1858 ~ 1950) ascended to the Swedish throne to become King.
1886 ~ The American Federation of Labor was first organized. Samuel Gompers (1859 ~ 1924) was the founder.
1854 ~ Pope Pius IX (1792 ~ 1878) proclaimed the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which considers the Virgin Mary to be free of Original Sin.
1660 ~ A woman appeared on an English public stage for the first time. The actress, whose name is not known, played the role of Desdemona in Shakespeare’s play Othello. Prior to this occurrence, all roles were played by men.
877 ~ Louis the Stammer (846 ~ 879), son of Charles the Bald (823 ~ 877), was crowned king of the West Frankish Kingdom.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Harold Budd (né Harold Montgomery Budd; b. May 24, 1936), American composer and pianist. He was best known for his minimalist and meditative works and collaborations with musician Brian Eno. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He died at age 84 in Arcadia, California of complications of Covid-19.
2019 ~ Caroll Spinney (née Caroll Edwin Spinney; b. Dec. 26, 1933), American puppeteer who brought Big Bird from Sesame Street to life. He was also played Oscar the Grouch. He was on Sesame Street from its inception in 1969 until 2018. He was born in Waltham, Massachusetts. He died in Woodstock, Connecticut 18 days before his 86th birthday.
2019 ~ Paul Volcker (né Paul Adolph Volcker, Jr.; b. Sept. 5, 1927), American economist and 12th Chair of the Federal Reserve during the Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan administrations. He was known as the central banker who whipped inflation. He was born in Cape May, New Jersey. He died in New York City at age 92.
2016 ~ John Glenn, Jr. (né John Herschel Glenn, Jr., b. July 18, 1921), American astronaut and politician. He was the first American astronaut to circle the earth in Space. He also served as a United States Senator from Ohio from December 1974 until January 1999. He was born in Cambridge, Ohio. He died at age 95 in Columbus, Ohio.
2013 ~ Sir John Cornforth (né John Warcup Comforth, Jr.; b. Sept. 7, 1917), Australian chemist and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Austria. He died at age 96 in Sussex, England.
2001 ~ Betty Holberton (née Frances Elizabeth Snyder; b. Mar. 7, 1917), American engineer and computer programmer. She was one of the original 6 programmers of ENIAC. She also invented breakpoints in computer debugging. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died at age 84 in Rockville, Maryland.
1992 ~ William Shawn (né William Chon; b. Aug. 31, 1907), American journalist and long-time editor of The New Yorker. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He died at age 85 in New York, New York.
1983 ~ Slim Pickens (né Louis Burton Lindley, Jr.; b. June 29, 1919), American actor. He is best remembered for his role in Dr. Strangelove. He died following complications of surgery to remove a brain tumor. He was born in Kingsburg, California. He died at age 64 in Columbia, California.
1980 ~ John Lennon (b. Oct. 9, 1940), British musician and founding member of the Beatles. His son, Sean, was born on his 35th birthday. He was born in Liverpool, England. He was assassinated outside his apartment in New York City by Mark Chapman. He was 40 years old at the time of his death.
1978 ~ Golda Meir (née Golda Mabovitz, aka Golda Meyerson, b. May 3, 1898), 4th Prime Minister of Israel and first woman to hold that position. She was born in Kiev, Russian Empire. As a young child, her family left Russia to avoid the pogroms and moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the 1920s she moved to what is now Israel. In March 1969 she became the 4th Prime Minister of Israel. She resigned following the Yom Kippur War in 1973. She died of lymphoma at age 80 in Jerusalem.
1955 ~ Hermann Weyl (né Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl; b. Nov. 9, 1885), German mathematician. He died a month after his 70th birthday in Zurich, Switzerland.
1937 ~ Pavel Florensky (b. Jan. 21, 1882), Russian Orthodox theologian, philosopher, and mathematician. He was executed at age 55 for alleged crimes against the Stalinist government.
1932 ~ Gertrude Jekyll (b. Nov. 29, 1843), British horticulturist and garden designer. She created over 400 gardens in England, Europe, and the United States. She was born in London, England. She died 9 days after her 89th birthday.
1917 ~ Mendele Movkher Sforim (né Sholem Yankev Abramovich; b. Jan. 2, 1836), Russian-born Jewish writer. He died 25 days before his 81st birthday.
1907 ~ King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway (b. Jan. 21, 1829). He was king from September 1872 until his death 35 years later. He was married to Sofia of Nassau (1836 ~ 1913). They married in 1857. He was of the House of Bernadotte. He was the son of Oscar I, King of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg. He was of the Church of Sweden and the Church of Norway. He died at age 78.
1903 ~ Herbert Spencer (b. Apr. 27, 1820), British philosopher, biologist, and sociologist. He is best known for his theory of social Darwinism, whereby superior forces shape history. He died at age 83.
1894 ~ Pafnuty Chebyshev (b. May 16, 1821), Russian mathematician. He died at age 73 in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire.
1864 ~ George Boole (b. Nov. 2, 1815), English mathematician and philosopher. He was born in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. He died about a month after his 49th birthday in Ballintemple, Cork, Ireland.
1793 ~ Madame du Barry (née Jeanne Bécu, Comtesse du Barry, b. Aug. 19, 1743), French courtesan and mistress of King Louis XV of France. She was guillotined during the Reign of Terror during the French revolution. She died at age 50.
1744 ~ Marie Anne de Mailly (b. Oct. 5, 1717), French mistress of King Louis XV of France. She died unexpectedly at age 27.
1625 ~ Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (b. Apr. 13, 1573), Queen consort of Sweden and second wife of Charles IX, King of Sweden (1550 ~ 1611). They married in 1592 and were the parents of Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden. She was of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. She was the daughter of Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and Christine of Hess. She died at age 52.
1632 ~ Philippe van Lansberge (b. Aug. 25, 1561), Dutch mathematician. He died at age 71.
1596 ~ Luis de Carabaja the younger (b. 1537), one of the first Jewish authors in the Americas. He was born in Castile and became a resident of Mexico City. He was killed in an auto-da-fé during the Spanish Inquisition for his Jewish writings. The date of his birth is not known.
1521 ~ Christina of Saxony (b. Dec. 25, 1461), Queen consort of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and wife of John, King of Denmark (1455 ~ 1513). They were the parents of Christian II, King of Denmark. She was of the House of Witten. She was the daughter of Ernst, Elector of Saxony and Elisabeth of Bavaria. She was Roman Catholic. She died 17 days before her 60th birthday.
1431 ~ Princess Hedwig Jagiellon (b. Apr. 8, 1408), member of the Polish royal family. She never married. She was the daughter of Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland and Anna of Celje. She died at age 23, possibly of poisoning.
964 ~ Zhou the Elder, Chinese Queen consort of Emperor Li Yu, the third and final ruler of the Southern Tang dynasty. The date of her birth is not known.
899 ~ Arnulf of Carinthia (b. 850), Emperor of Italy. He reigned from February 22, 896 until his death 3 years later. He ultimately became emperor after he overthrew his uncle, Charles the Fat, to become King of East Francia. From there, he moved on to conquer other realms. He was married three times. His first wife was Ota. His second wife was Oda of West Francia. His third wife was Vinburge. He was of the Hosue of Carolingian. He was the illegitimate son of Carloman, King of Bavaria and Liutswind. The date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 48 or 49 at the time of his death.
855 ~ Drogo of Metz (b. June 17, 801), illegitimate son of Charlemagne. He also served as the Bishop of Metz. His mother was Regina. He died at age 54.
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