Birthdays:
1992 ~ Teddy Bridgewater (né Theodore Edmond Bridgewater, Jr.), African-American professional football player and quarterback for the New Orleans Saints. He was born in Miami, Florida.
1977 ~ Brittany Murphy (née Brittany Anne Bertolotti; d. Dec. 20, 2009), American actress. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She died of pneumonia at age 32 in Los Angeles, California.
1972 ~ Shawn Green (né Shawn David Green), American professional baseball player best known for refusing to play baseball during Yom Kippur. He was born in Des Plaines, Illinois.
1968 ~ Tracy Morgan (né Tracy Jamal Morgan), African-American comedian and actor. He was born in The Bronx, New York.
1960 ~ Neil Gaiman (né Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman), English author of short fiction and graphic novels. He was born in Portchester, Hampshire, England.
1953 ~ Les Miles (né Leslie Edwin Miles), American football player and former coach at the Louisiana State University from 2005 until 2016. He was born in Elyria, Ohio.
1952 ~ Gerry DiNardo (né Gerald Paul DiNardo), American football player and former coach at the Louisiana State University from 1995 to 1999. He was born in Queens, New York.
1944 ~ Sir Tim Rice (né Timothy Miles Bindon Rice), English songwriter and lyricist. He collaborated with Andrew Weber on a number of musicals, including Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and Evita.
1942 ~ Robert F. Engle (né Robert Fry Engle, III), American economist and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was born in Syracuse, New York.
1939 ~ Russell Means (né Russell Charles Means; d. Oct. 22, 2012), Native American rabble-rouser who fought for American Indians. He died of esophageal cancer 18 days before his 73rd birthday. He was born and died in Porcupine, South Dakota.
1932 ~ Roy Scheider (né Roy Richard Scheider; d. Feb. 10, 2008), American actor, best known for his role in Jaws. He was born in Orange, New Jersey. He died of multiple myeloma at age 75 in Little Rock, Arkansas.
1931 ~ Lilly Pulitzer (née Lillian Lee McKim; d. Apr. 7, 2013), American fashion designer. She was born in Roslyn, New York. She died at age 81 in Palm Beach, Florida.
1928 ~ Ennio Morricone (d. July 6, 2020), Italian composer who elevated the movie soundtrack. He composed the score to such movies as The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. He was born and died in Rome, Italy. He died at age 91.
1928 ~ Marilyn Bergman (née Marilyn Katz; d. Jan. 8, 2022), American Oscar-winning lyricist who with her husband and collaborator, Alan Bergman, crafted the words to some of cinema’s most famous pop songs, including The Way We Wereand The Windmills of Your Mind. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of respiratory failure at age 93.
1925 ~ Richard Burton (né Richard Walter Jenkins, Jr.; d. Aug. 5, 1984), Welsh actor and twice the husband of Elizabeth Taylor. He died at age 58 of a brain hemorrhage.
1919 ~ Mikhail Kalashnikov (d. Dec. 23, 2013), Russian general and weapons designer. He designed the AK-47. He died at age 94.
1918 ~ Ernst Otto Fischer (d. July 23, 2007), German chemist and recipient of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He is known for his work in organometallic chemistry. He was born and died in Munich, Germany. He died at age 88.
1897 ~ Charlotte Winters (née Charlotte Louise Berry; d. Mar. 27, 2007), American veteran, and last surviving female veteran, of World War I. She joined the Navy in 1917. She was born in Washington, D.C. She died at age 109 in Boonsboro, Maryland.
1895 ~ John K. Northrop (né John Knudsen Northrop; d. Feb. 18, 1981), American airplane manufacturer and founder of the Northrop Corporation. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died at age 85.
1893 ~ John P. Marquand (né John Phillips Marquand; d. July 16, 1960), American novelist, best known for his novel, The Late George Apley. He was born in Wilmington, Delaware. He died of a heart attack at age 66 in Newburyport, Massachusetts.
1889 ~ Claude Rains (né William Claude Rains; d. May 30, 1967), English actor. He is best known for his role in Casablanca. He was born in London, England. He died of an abdominal hemorrhage in Laconia, New Hampshire at age 77.
1887 ~ Elisa Leonida Zamfirescu (née Elsia Leonida; d. Nov. 25, 1973), Romanian engineer. She was one of the first women to earn a degree in engineering. She was also an activist for disarmament. She was born in Galați, Hungary. She died in Bucharest, Romania 15 days after her 86th birthday.
1879 ~ Vachel Lindsay (né Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, d. Dec. 5, 1931), American poet. He was born and died in Springfield, Illinois. He died by suicide 25 days after his 52nd birthday.
1852 ~ Henry van Dyke, Jr. (né Henry Jackson van Dyke, Jr.; d. Apr. 10, 1933), American author, educator, and clergyman. He also served as the United States Ambassador to Luxembourg during the Woodrow Wilson administration. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 80 in Princeton, New Jersey.
1810 ~ George Jennings (d. Apr. 17, 1882), English engineer and plumber. He invented the flush toilet. He died at age 71 following an accident in which he had been thrown from his carriage and suffered broken bones.
1801 ~ Samuel Howe (né Samuel Gridley Howe; d. Jan. 9, 1876), American physician, abolitionist, and activist for the blind. He was married to Julia Ward Howe, who wrote The Battle Hymn of the Republic. Howe was from Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 74.
1792 ~ Samuel Nelson (d. Dec. 13, 1873), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was appointed to the High Court by President John Tyler. He served on the Court from February 14, 1845 until November 28, 1872. He replaced Smith Thompson on the Court. He was replaced by Ward Hunt. He was born in Hebron, New York. He died at age 81 in Cooperstown, New York.
1759 ~ Friedrich Schiller (né Johann Christian Friedrich von Schiller; d. May 9, 1805), German poet and historian. He died of tuberculosis at age 45.
1728 ~ Oliver Goldsmith (d. Apr. 4, 1774), Anglo-Irish novelist and playwright. He is best known for his play She Stoops to Conquer. He died at age 45 in London, England.
1697 ~ William Hogarth (d. Oct. 26, 1764), British painter. He was born and died in London, England. He died about 2 weeks before his 67th birthday.
1584 ~ Princess Catherine of Sweden (d. Dec. 13, 1638), Countess Palatine of Kleeburg and wife of John Casimir of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. She was a member of the Swedish royal family. She was of the House of Vasa. She was the daughter of Charles X, King of Sweden and Maria of Palatine-Simmern. She died from the plague about a month after her 54th birthday.
1520 ~ Princess Dorothea of Denmark (d. May 31, 1580), Electress of Palatine and wife of Frederick II of the Palatine. She was of the House of Oldenburg. She was the daughter of Christian II, King of Denmark and Isabella of Austria. She died at age 59.
1483 ~ Martin Luther (d. Feb. 18, 1546), German monk and leader of the Protestant Reformation. He was born and died in Eisleben, County of Nansfeld, Holy Roman Empire. He died at age 62.
1480 ~ Princess Bridget of York (d. 1507), member of the British royal family. She never married but became a nun. She was of the House of York. She was the daughter of Edward IV, King of England and Elizabeth Woodville. The exact date of her death is not known, but she is believed to have been about 26 or 27 at the time of her death.
1433 ~ Charles, Duke of Burgundy (d. Jan. 5, 1477). He was known as Charles the Bold. He was married three times. His first wife was Princess Catherine of France. After her death at age 18, he married Isabella of Bourbon. She died of tuberculosis at age 31. His third wife was Margaret of York. He was of the House of Valois-Burgundy. He was the son of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, also known as Philip the Good, and Infanta Isabella of Portugal. When he was killed at the Battle of Nancy, Burgundy became a part of France. He died at age 43.
1278 ~ Philip I, Prince of Taranto (d. 1330s), member of the royal family of Naples. He was married twice. His first wife was Thamar Angelina Komnene. His second wife was Catherine II of Valois. He was of the House of Anjou-Sicily and was the founder of the House of Anjou-Taranto. He was the son of Charles II, King of Naples and Maria of Hungary. The exact date of his death is not known.
Events that Changed the World:
2017 ~ Veteran’s Day observed.
1989 ~ German citizens began to tear down the Berlin Wall.
1975 ~ The SS Edmund Fitzgerald sank during a storm on Lake Superior. All 29 crew members aboard perished. The wreck was memorialized in a song by Gordon Lightfoot (b. 1938).
1972 ~ Southern Airways Flight 49, scheduled to fly from Memphis, Tennessee to Miami, Florida via Birmingham, Alabama, was hijacked. The hijackers threatened to crash the plane into the nuclear installation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, but ultimately landed in Havana, Cuba, where they were promptly jailed.
1969 ~ Sesame Street made its television debut. It was originally broadcast on the National Educational Television, the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service. In January 2016, however, the show was moved to HBO.
1958 ~ Diamond merchant Harry Winston (1896 ~ 1978), donated the Hope Diamond to the Smithsonian Institute.
1954 ~ The Iwo Jima memorial was dedicated, commemorating the Marines killed during World War II.
1951 ~ Direct-dial coast-to-coast telephone service began in the United States.
1942 ~ Germany invaded Vichy France during World War II.
1940 ~ The Vrancea earthquake struck Romania killing over 1,000 people.
1919 ~ The first national convention of the American Legion was held in Minneapolis.
1871 ~ Henry Morton Stanley (1841 ~ 1904) found Dr. David Livingston (1813 ~ 1873) in Africa. Stanley is said to have greeted him with the words, “Dr. Livingston, I presume?”
1865 ~ Major Henry Wirz (1823 ~ 1865), a Confederate soldier and superintendent of the Prisoner of War Camp for Union soldiers in Andersonville, Georgia was hanged. He was tried and executed for conspiracy and murder relating to his command of the camp.
1775 ~ The United States Marine Corp was founded at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia by Samuel Nicholas (1744 ~ 1790).
1766 ~ William Franklin (1731 ~ 1813), the last colonial governor of New Jersey, signed the charter for Queen’s College. This school is now known as Rutgers University.
1674 ~ In accordance with the Treaty of Westminister, the Netherlands ceded New Netherland to England.
Good-Byes:
2015 ~ Allen Toussaint (b. Jan. 14, 1938), American jazz musician and prolific songwriter who embodied R&B. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died of a heart attack shortly after giving a concert in Madrid, Spain. He was 77 years old.
2015 ~ Klaus Roth (né Klaus Friedrich Roth; b. Oct. 29, 1925), German mathematician. He was born in Breslau, Weimar Germany. He was raised in the United Kingdom after his family moved there in 1933. He died 11 days after his 90thbirthday in Inverness, Scotland.
2015 ~ Helmut Schmidt (né Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt; b. Dec. 23, 1918), 5th Chancellor of Germany. He died at age 96 in Hamburg, Germany.
2014 ~ Dorian Paskowitz (b. Mar. 3, 1921), American physician gave up the practice of medicine to become a surfing icon. He was born in Galveston, Texas. He died at age 93 in Newport Beach, California.
2010 ~ Dino De Laurentiis (né Agostine De Laurentiis; b. Aug. 8, 1919), Italian-born film producer who made classics and flops. Some of his films included The Silence of the Lambs, War and Peace and Barbarella. He died at age 91 in Beverly Hills, California.
2008 ~ Kiyoshi Itō (b. Sept. 7, 1915), Japanese mathematician. He died at age 93 in Kyoto, Japan.
2007 ~ Norman Mailer (né Norman Kingsley Mailer; b. Jan. 31, 1923), American author and journalist. He was born in Long Branch, New Jersey. He died at age 84 in Manhattan, New York.
2006 ~ Fokko du Cloux (b. Dec. 20, 1954), Dutch mathematician. He died at age 51 from ALS.
2006 ~ Jack Palance (né Volodymyr Oalahniuk; b. Feb. 18, 1919), American actor. He was born in Lattimer Mines, Pennsylvania, the son of Ukrainian immigrants. He died at age 87 in Montecito, California.
2001 ~ Ken Kesey (né Kenneth Elton Kesey; b. Sept. 17, 1935), America author, best known for his novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. He was born in La Junta, Colorado. He died following complications from surgery at age 66 in Eugene, Oregon.
1994 ~ Louis Nizer (b. Feb. 6, 1902), American trial attorney who represented many celebrities and high-profile cases. He was born in London, England. He died at age 92 in New York, New York.
1992 ~ Chuck Connors (né Kevin Joseph Aloysius Connors; b. Apr. 10, 1921), American professional baseball player, professional basketball player, and actor. He is best known for his role in the television western, The Rifleman. He played baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers and basketball for the Boston Celtics. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of lung cancer at age 71 in Los Angeles, California.
1982 ~ Leonid Brezhnev (b. Dec. 19, 1906), General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He served in that Office from October 1964 until his death in November 1981. He died at age 75.
1954 ~ Édouard Le Roy (né Édouard Louis Emmanuel Le Roy; b. June 18, 1870), French philosopher and mathematician. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 83.
1941 ~ Carrie Derick (née Carrie Matilda Derick; b. Jan. 14, 1862), Canadian botanist and geneticist. She was the first female professor at a Canadian university. She was the founder of the McGill University’s Genetics Department. She was born in Clarenceville, Canada East (now Quebec), Canada. She died at age 79 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
1938 ~ Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (b. May 19, 1881), 1st President of Turkey. He brought Turkey into modernity. He died in Istanbul, Turkey at age 57 following a long illness.
1843 ~ John Trumbull (b. June 6, 1756), American painter. Much of his work was done during the period of the American Revolution. He was born in Lebanon, Connecticut. He died at age 87 in New York, New York.
1673 ~ Michael I, King of Poland (né Michał Tomasz Wiśniowiecki; b. May 31, 1640). He ruled Poland from June 1669 until his death in November 1673. He was married to Eleonora Maria of Austria. They married in 1670. He was of the House of Wiśniowieck. He was the son of Jeremi Wiśniowieck and Gruzelda Konstancja Zamoyska. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 33 either of food poisoning or murder by his generals.
1549 ~ Pope Paul III (né Alessandro Farnese; b. Feb. 29, 1468). He was Pope from October 13, 1534 until his death on this date 15 years later. He became Pope following the sack of Rome in 1527. During his reign, he initiated the Counter-Reformation. He was also a patron of the artists, including Michelangelo. He died at age 81.
1444 ~ Władysław III, King of Poland (b. Oct. 31, 1424). He reigned as King from 1434 until his death in 1444. He never married and had no known children. He was of the House of Jagiellon. He was the son of Władysław Jagełło and Sophia of Halshany. He was Roman Catholic. He was killed in the Battle of Varna just 10 days after his 20th birthday.
1241 ~ Pope Celestine IV (né Goffredo da Castiglione). He was Pope from October 25, 1241 until his death about 2 weeks later. The date of his birth is not known.
948 ~ Adelaide of Paris (b. 850), Queen consort of West Francia. She was the second wife of Louis the Stammerer. She was the daughter of Adalard of Paris, count palatine and an unnamed mother. The date of her birth is not known.
461 ~ Pope Leo I (b. 400). He was Pope from September 29, 440 until his death 21 years later. He is also known as St. Leo the Great. The exact date of his birth is not known.
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