Birthdays:
1972 ~ Toni Collette (née Toni Collett), Australian actress. She was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
1961 ~ Ryan Zinke (né Ryan Keith Zinke), American politician and 52nd Secretary of the Interior. He served in the Trump administration from March 2017 until January 2019. He was born in Bozeman, Montana.
1960 ~ Tim Cook (né Timothy Donald Cook), CEO of Apple, Inc., following the death of Steve Jobs. He was born in Mobile, Alabama.
1957 ~ Lyle Lovett (né Lyle Pearce Lovett), American musician. He was born in Houston, Texas.
1950 ~ Robert Laughlin (né Robert Betts Laughlin), American physicist and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Visalia, California.
1947 ~ Jim Steinman (né James Richard Steinman; d. Apr. 19, 2021) American composer who specialized in bombast. He was Meatloaf’s Bat Out of Hell songwriter. He was born in Hewlett, New York. He died of kidney failure at age 73 in Danbury, Connecticut.
1946 ~ Yuko Shimizu, Japanese graphic artist, and creator of Hello Kitty. She was born in Tokyo, Japan.
1944 ~ Kinky Friedman (né Richard Samset Friedman), singer-songwriter, humorist, and author. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
1942 ~ Marcia Wallace (née Marcia Karen Wallace; d. Oct. 25, 2013), American actress. She is best known for her role as Carol Kester on The Bob Newhart Show and as the voice of Edna Krabappel on The Simpsons. She was born in Creston, Iowa. She died of breast cancer 7 days before her 71st birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1942 ~ Larry Flynt (né Larry Claxton Flynt, Jr.; d. Feb. 10, 2021), American pornographer, provocateur, publisher, and free-speech advocate who built an empire with Hustler. He was born in Lakeville, Kentucky. He died at age 78 in Los Angeles, California.
1942 ~ Michael Malone (né Michael Christopher Malone; d. Aug. 19, 2022), American novelist who gave soap operas a conscience. In the early 1990s, he was invited to write for ABC’s One Life to Live. He incorporated such themes as homophobia, AIDS, and sexual assault into plot lines for the series. He was born in Durham, North Carolina. He died at age 79 in Clinton, Connecticut.
1931 ~ James S. Ketchum (né James Sanford Ketchum; d. May 27, 2019), American psychiatrist who conducted psychedelic experimentation on soldiers. He was born in Manhattan, New York. He died at age 87 in Peoria, Arizona.
1920 ~ James J. Kilpatrick (né James Jackson Kilpatrick; d. Aug. 15, 2010), American journalist and author. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He died at age 89 in Washington, D.C.
1919 ~ Sir Hermann Bondi (d. Sept. 10, 2005), Austrian mathematician. He left Austria in 1937 to escape the Nazis. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 85 in Cambridge, England.
1918 ~ Frédérick Leboyer (d. May 25, 2017), French obstetrician who changed childbirth. He advocated the practices of immersing a newborn in a warm tub of water to ease the transition from the womb. He was born and died in Paris, France. He died at age 98.
1914 ~ Moshe Teitelbaum (d. Apr. 24, 2006), Romanian-American rabbi and leader of Satmar Hasidim. He died at age 91 in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York.
1912 ~ Gunther Plaut (né Wolf Gunther Plaut; d. Feb. 8, 2012), German-born Canadian rabbi and writer who guided Reform Judaism. He was born in Münster, Germany. He died at age 99 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
1889 ~ Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker (né Philip John Baker; d. Oct. 8, 1982), British-born Canadian diplomat and recipient of the 1959 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born and died in London, England. He died about 3 weeks before his 93rd birthday.
1880 ~ Sholem Asch (né Szalom Asz; d. July 10, 1957), Polish-born American Yiddish writer. He died at age 76 in London, England.
1878 ~ Carlos Saavedra Lamas (d. May 5, 1959), Argentine politician and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Peace Prize. He was born and died in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He died of a brain hemorrhage at age 80.
1871 ~ Stephen Crane (d. June 5, 1900), American author best known for his Civil War novel, The Red Badge of Courage. He was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died of tuberculosis at age 28 in Germany.
1864 ~ Princess Elisabeth of Hess and by Rhine (d. July 18, 1918), Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia and wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia. They married in 1884. Her husband was assassinated in 1905. Elisabeth publicly forgave her husband and became a nun. She was of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was the daughter of Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom. She was the granddaughter of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. Upon her marriage, she converted to Russian Orthodox. She was arrested and murdered at age 53 by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution.
1849 ~ William Merritt Chase (d. Oct. 25, 1916), American painter. He was born in Nineveh, Indiana. He died a week before his 67th birthday in New York, New York.
1848 ~ Caroline Still Anderson (née Caroline Virginia Still; d. June 1, 1919), African-American physician. She was one of the first Black women to become a physician in the United States. She was born and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died at age 70.
1838 ~ 11th Dalai Lama (né Khedrup Gyasto; d. Jan. 31, 1856). He died suddenly at age 17.
1815 ~ Crawford W. Long (né Crawford Williamson Long; d. June 16, 1878), American physician who first used ether as an anesthetic in surgery. He was born in Danielsville, Georgia. He died at of a stroke age 62 in Athens, Georgia.
1782 ~ F. J. Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon, 1st Viscount Goderich (né Frederick John Robinson; d. Jan. 28, 1859), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served as Prime Minister from August 1827 until January 1928, which was during the reign of King George IV. He died at age 76.
1778 ~ Gustav IV Adolf, King of Sweden (d. Feb. 7, 1837). He was King from March 1792 until his abdication in the Coup of 1809. He was also the last Swedish ruler of Finland. He was married to Frederica of Baden. He was of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. He was the son of Gustav III, King of Sweden and Sophia Magdalena of Denmark. He died of a stroke at age 58.
1762 ~ Spencer Perceval (d. May 11, 1812), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served as Prime Minister during the reign of King George III. He was the first, and to date, the only, Prime Minister to have been assassinated while in office. He was killed by a disgruntled citizen. He was 49 years old at the time of his death.
1661 ~ Louis, Grand Dauphin (d. Apr. 28, 1711), heir apparent to the French throne. He was married twice. His first wife was Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. They married in 1680. She died 10 years later. His second wife was Marie Émilie de Joly de Choin. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the son of Louis XIV, King of France and Maria Theresa of Spain. He was Roman Catholic. He died of smallpox at age 49 before his father, thus was never king. His grandson became Louis XV, King of France.
1623 ~ Zhu Youlang (d. June 1, 1662), 4th and last Chinese emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty. He died at age 38.
1585 ~ Jan Brożek (d. Nov. 21, 1652), Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer. He died 3 weeks after his 67thbirthday.
1526 ~ Catherine Jagiellon (Nov. 1, 1526 ~ Sept. 16, 1582), Queen consort of Sweden and 1st wife of John III, King of Sweden. She was of the House of Jagiellon. She was the daughter of Sigismund I, King of Poland and Bona Sforza. She died at age 56 in Stockholm, Sweden.
1351 ~ Leopold III, Duke of Austria (d. July 9, 1386). He ruled as Duke from 1365 until his death in 1386 He was known as Leopold the Just. He ruled over Inner Austria from 1365 until 1386. He was married to Viridis Visconti. He was the head of the Leopoldian line of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Albert II, Duke of Austria and Joanna of Pfirt. He was killed in the Battle of Sempach at age 34.
1339 ~ Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (d. July 27, 1365). He ruled Austria from 1358 until his death in 1365. He was known as Rudolf the Founder. He was married to Catherine of Luxembourg. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Albert II, Duke of Austria and Joanna of Pfirt. He was born in Vienna. He died suddenly at age 25 in Milan.
846 ~ Louis the Stammerer (d. Apr. 10, 879), King of West Francia. He was formally known as Louis II, King of West Francia. He was married twice. His first wife was Ansgarde of Burgundy. His second wife was Adelaide of Paris. He was of the Carolingian Dynasty. He was the son of Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. He died of an illness at age 32.
Events that Changed the World:
2000 ~ The Republic of Serbia and Montenegro joined the United Nations.
1993 ~ The European Union was formally established.
1982 ~ Honda became the first Asian car company to produce cars in the United States. The company owned a factory in Marysville, Ohio, which began manufacturing the Honda Accord.
1981 ~ Antigua and Barbuda gained their independence from the United Kingdom.
1973 ~ Leon Jaworski (1905 ~ 1982) was appointed as the Watergate Special Prosecutor.
1968 ~ The Motion Picture Association of America began its film rating system. The first rating were G, M, R and X.
1966 ~ The New Orleans Saints football team was founded.
1955 ~ United Airlines Flight 629 was bombed, killing all 39 passengers and 5 crew members. The bombing was determined to be the act of Jack Gilbert Graham (1932 ~ 1957), who bombed the plane to kill his mother for an insurance payout. Graham was convicted of murder and executed by the gas chamber at age 24.
1952 ~ The United States successfully detonated the first large hydrogen bomb in what was known as Operation Ivy. The detonation took place in the Marshall Islands and had a yield of 10 megatons.
1950 ~ An assassination attempt was made on President Harry S. Truman (1884 ~ 1972). Griselio Torresola (1925 ~ 1950) and Oscar Collazo (1914 ~ 1994), both Puerto Rican nationalists, attempted to kill the President. Torresola was killed in an exchange of gunfire during the assassination attempt. Collazo was convicted and sentenced to life in prison, but in 1979, President Jimmy Carter (b. 1924) commuted his sentence to time served.
1941 ~ American photographer Ansel Adams (1902 ~ 1984) took his iconic photograph of the moonrise over Hernandez, New Mexico.
1915 ~ Parris Island, South Carolina was officially designated as a United States Marine Corps Recruit Depot.
1897 ~ The first Library of Congress building opened to the public. Previously, the Library had been housed in the United States Capitol.
1896 ~ The National Geographic first published a photograph showing a woman’s bare breasts.
1894 ~ Nicholas II (1868 ~ 1918) became the Tsar of Russia following the death of his father, Alexander III (1845 ~ 1894). He was to be the last Tsar of Russia, with the monarchy ending with the Russian Revolution in 1918.
1870 ~ The National Weather Service made its first official meteorological forecast.
1861 ~ President Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865) appointed George B. McClellan (1826 ~ 1885) as the commander of the Union Army. He replaced General Winfield Scott (1786 ~ 1866), who had resigned earlier, citing health issues.
1857 ~ The Atlantic Monthly magazine was founded in Boston, Massachusetts. It is still in publication, but is now just known as The Atlantic.
1848 ~ The Boston Female Medical School, which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine, opened, becoming the first medical school for women.
1800 ~ President John Adams (1735 ~ 1826) became the first United States President to live in the White House, which was called the Executive Mansion at the time.
1765 ~ The British Parliament enacted the Stamp Act on the American colonies to pay for British military operations in North America.
1755 ~ Lisbon, Portugal was destroyed by a massive earthquake, followed by a tsunami. An estimated 60,000 and 90,000 people were killed.
1570 ~ The All Saints’ Flood devastated the coast of the Netherlands. Over 20,000 people were killed in the flood.
1520 ~ Ferdinand Magellan (1480 ~ 1521) discovered and navigated through the Strait of Magellan, the passage linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at the tip of South America. He is the first known European to have crossed through this strait.
1512 ~ The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which was painted by Michelangelo (1475 ~ 1564), was exhibited for the first time to the public.
1503 ~ Pope Julius II (1443 ~ 1513) began his reign as Pope of the Catholic Church.
1179 ~ Philip II (1165 ~ 1223) was crowned King of France.
1141 ~ Empress Matilda’s reign as the Lady of the English ended when Stephen of Blois (1092 ~ 1154) regained the title of King of England.
Good-Byes:
2021 ~ Aaron Beck (né Aaron Temkin Beck; b. July 18, 1921), American pragmatic psychologist who changed therapy. He abandoned Freudian analysis and pioneered cognitive behavioral therapy that is now used to treat depression, anxiety, and many other conditions. He is considered the father of cognitive therapy. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island. He died at age 100 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
2015 ~ Fred Thompson (né Freddie Dalton Thompson; b. Aug. 19, 1942), American actor best known for his role as the District Attorney on the television drama Law and Order. He later became a United States Senator from Tennessee. He was born in Sheffield, Alabama. He died of cancer at age 73 in Nashville, Tennessee.
2009 ~ Robert H. Rines (né Robert Harvey Rines, b. Aug. 30, 1922), lawyer and inventor who is best known as the man who hunted “Nessie” the Loch Ness monster. He was also an accomplished violinist and composer. He died at age 87.
2008 ~ Yma Sumac (née Zoila Augusta Emperatriz Chávarri del Castillo, b. Sept. 13, 1922), Peruvian chanteuse who trilled like a bird. September 13 the accepted date of her birth, however, there is some controversy, and some records note her birthday as being September 10, 1923. She was about 86 at the time of her death.
2007 ~ Paul Tibbets (né Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr.; b. Feb. 23, 1915), American general in the United States Air Force best known for being the pilot of the Enola Gay, which dropped the atomic bomb over Hiroshima during World War II. He was born in Quincy, Illinois. He died at age 92 in Columbus, Ohio.
2006 ~ William Styron (né William Clarke Styron, Jr.; b. June 11, 1925), American novelist best known for his books, Sophie’s Choice and The Confessions of Nat Turner. He was born in Newport News, Virginia. He died of pneumonia on Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts at age 81.
1999 ~ Theodore Hall (né Theodore Alvin Holtzberg; b. Oct. 20, 1925), American physicist and Soviet atomic spy. He worked on the atom bomb at Los Alamos during World War II and passed information regarding plutonium to the Russians so they could build their own bomb. He was born in New York, New York. He died at just 12 days after his 74th birthday in Cambridge, England.
1995 ~ Erika Morini (b. Jan. 5, 1904), Austrian violinist. She owned a Stradivarius violin. Shortly before her death, her apartment in New York City was broken into and her violin, along with other valuables, was stolen. The crime has never been solved. She was born in Vienna, Austria. Her family immigrated to the United States to avoid the Nazi regime. She died at age 91 in New York City.
1993 ~ Severo Ochao (b. Sept. 24, 1905), Spanish physician and chemist. He was the recipient of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died at age 88 in Madrid, Spain.
1989 ~ Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander (née Sadie Tanner Mossell; b. Jan. 2, 1898), American economist and attorney. She was the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. in Economic in the United States. She was also the first African-American woman to earn a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Law. She was born and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She died at age 91.
1985 ~ Phil Silvers (né Philip Silversmith; b. May 11, 1911), American actor and comedian. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died at age 74 in Los Angeles, California.
1982 ~ King Vidor (né King Wallis Vidor; b. Feb. 8, 1894), American film director. He was born in Galveston, Texas. He died at age 88 in Paso Robles, California.
1979 ~ Mamie Eisenhower (née Mamie Geneva Doud; b. Nov. 14, 1896), First Lady of the United States and wife of President Dwight David Eisenhower. She was born in Boone, Iowa. She died in Bethesda, Maryland 13 days before her 83rd birthday.
1972 ~ Ezra Pound (né Ezra Weston Loomis Pound; b. Oct. 30, 1885), American poet. He was born in Hailey, Idaho Territory. He died 2 days after his 87th birthday in Venice, Italy.
1971 ~ Leonard J. Savage (né Leonard Ogashevitz; b. Nov. 20, 1917), American mathematician and statistician. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died 19 days before his 54th birthday in New Haven, Connecticut.
1968 ~ Georgios Papandreou (b. Feb. 13, 1888), Prime Minister of Greece. He served several terms as Prime Minister. He died at age 80 in Athens, Greece.
1955 ~ Dale Carnegie (né Dale Harbison Carnagay; b. Nov. 24, 1888), American author and educator. He was born in Maryville, Missouri. He died 23 days before his 67th birthday in Forest Hills, New York.
1903 ~ Theodor Mommsen (né Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen; b. Nov. 30, 1817), German writer and recipient of the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died 29 days before his 86th birthday.
1894 ~ Alexander III, Tsar of Russia (b. Mar. 10, 1845). He ruled from March 1881 until his death 13 years later. He was married to Maria Feodorovna (née Princess Dagmar of Denmark). He was of the House of Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp. He was the son of Alexander II, Tsar of Russia and Maria Alexandrovona. He died at age 49 of kidney disease.
1879 ~ Zachariah T. Chandler (b. Dec. 10, 1813), 12th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Ulysses S. Grant. He served in this Office from October 1875 until March 1877. He was one of the founders of the Republican Party. He was born in Bedford, New Hampshire. He died at age 65 in Chicago, Illinois.
1860 ~ Alexandra Feodorovna (née Princess Charlotte of Prussia; b. July 13, 1798), Tsarina consort of Russia. She was the and wife of Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia. She was of the House of Hohenzollern. She was the daughter of Frederick William III, King of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Upon her marriage, she converted to Russian Orthodox. She died at age 62.
1700 ~ Charles II, King of Spain (b. Nov. 6, 1661). He reigned as King from September 1665 until his death in 1700. He was married twice. His first wife was Marie Louise d’Orléans. They married in 1679. She died in 1689. His second wife was Maria Anna Newburg. They married in 1689. He was of the House of Habsburg and was the last Habsburg ruler under the Spanish Empire. He was the son of Philip IV, King of Spain and Mariana of Austria. He was Roman Catholic. He died 5 days of an illness before his 39th birthday.
1678 ~ William Coddington (b. 1601), American politician. He was the first Governor of Rhode Island. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been 77 at the time of his death. He died in Newport, Rhode Island.
1631 ~ Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria (b. Oct. 7, 1589), Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany and wife of Cosimo II de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. They married in 1608. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria. She died 25 days after her 42nd birthday.
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