Birthdays:
1974~ Penélope Cruz (née Penélope Cruz Sánchez), Spanish actress.
1964~ L’Wren Scott (née Laura Bambrough, d. Mar. 17, 2014), the American fashion designer who styled the stars. She was Mick Jagger’s long-time girlfriend. She committed suicide at age 49.
1960~ Elana Kagan, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. She was appointed to the High Court by President Barack Obama. She began her term in August 2010.
1950~ Jay Leno (néJames Douglas Muir Leno), American television personality.
1949~ Bruno Kirby (né Bruno Giovanni Quidaciolu, Jr., d. Aug. 14, 2006), American actor. He died of leukemia at age 57.
1949~ Paul Guilfoyle, American television actor best known for his role as Captain Brass on the television drama CSI. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.
1948~ Sir Terrance David John “Terry” Pratchett (d. Mar. 12, 2015), British author of the Discworldfantasy series. He died of early onset Alzheimer’s disease at 66 years old.
1941~ Ann-Margaret (née Ann-Margaret Olsson), Swedish actress.
1941~ Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist and recipient of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with on stereoselective reactions.
1937~ Saddam Hussein (d. Dec. 30, 2006), 5thPresident of and virtual dictator of Iraq. He was executed for war crimes and the mass execution of Iraqi Shi’ietes. He was 69 years old.
1930~ James Addison Baker, III, 61stUnited States Secretary State. He served in that capacity in under George H.W. Bush. He also served Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush as White House Chief of Staff. During the Reagan Administration, he also served as the 67thUnited States Secretary of the Treasury from February 1985 until August 1988.
1926~ Harper Lee (née Nelle Harper Lee, d. Feb. 19, 2016), American author, best known for her novel To Kill a Mockingbird. In July 2015, a second book written by Lee, Go Set A Watchman, was published. She was 89 years old at the time of her death.
1923~ Carolyn Cassady (née Carolyn Elizabeth Robinson Cassady, d. Sept. 20, 2013), American woman who was the Beats’ muse and lover. She was married to Neal Cassady. She died following complications of surgery at age 90.
1916~ Ferruccio Lamborghini (d. Feb. 20, 1993), Italian businessman and creator of the Lamborghini, a high-end sports vehicle. He died at age 76 of a heart attack.
1908~ Oskar Schindler (d. Oct. 9, 1974), Austro-Hungarian industrialist who saved many Jews during World War II. Although a member of the Nazi Party, he hired many Jews in his factories, which ultimately saved their lives. He was named Righteous Among Nations by the Israeli government in 1963. He died at age 66. He is buried in the Mount Zion Catholic Cemetery in Jerusalem.
1906~ Kurt Gödel (d. Jan. 14, 1978), Austrian mathematician. He was born in what is now Brno, Czech Republic. He died at age 71 of starvation. He had a fear of being poisoned and would only eat food prepared by his wife, Adele. When she became ill and could no longer prepare his food, he stopped eating.
1878~ Lionel Barrymore (néLionel Herbert Blyth, d. Nov. 15, 1954), American actor. He was a member of the theatrical Barrymore family. He died of a heart attack at age 76.
1868~ Georgy Voronoy (d. Nov. 20, 1908), Russian mathematician. He died at age 40 following a severe illness.
1854~ Hertha Marks Aryton (née Phoebe Sarah Hertha Marks Aryton, d. Aug. 26, 1923), British engineer and mathematician. She died of blood poisoning following a bug bite. She was 69 years old.
1838~ Tobias Michael Carel Asser (d. July 29, 1913), Dutch lawyer and recipient of the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the field of private international law. He died at age 75.
1765~ Sylvestre François Lacroix (d. May 24, 1834), French mathematician. He died less than a month after his 78thbirthday.
1758~ James Monroe (d. July 4, 1831), 5thPresident of the United States. He was President from March 1817 through March 1825. He had previously served as the 8thUnited States Secretary of War under President James Madison. He also served as the 7thUnited States Secretary of State under President James Madison. He died at age 73.
1676~ King Frederick I of Sweden (b. Apr. 5, 1751). He died 23 days before his 75thbirthday.
1442~ King Edward IV of England (d. Apr. 9, 1483). He was the first Yorkist King of England. He died 19 days before his 41stbirthday.
Events that Changed the World:
1994~ Aldrich Ames (b. 1941), former CIA counter-intelligence office, pled guilty to giving US secrets to the former Soviet Union and Russia.
1988~ On Aloha Airlines Flight 243, the fuselage ripped off a Boeing 737 and flight attendant Clarabelle Lansing was sucked through the hole to her death. The pilot was able to land the plane with no other casualties.
1971~ The Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA) was established by the United States Department of Labor.
1969~ Charles de Gaulle (1890 ~ 1970) resigned as president of France.
1952~ Dwight David Eisenhower (1890 ~ 1969) resigned as the Supreme Allied Commander of NATO.
1947~ Thor Heyerdahl (1914 ~ 2002) and his crew of five set out on the Kon-Tikifrom Peru to Polynesia.
1932~ A vaccine for yellow fever was approved for use in humans.
1920~ Azerbaijan was became a part of the Soviet Union.
1863~ The University of Massachusetts, Amherst, was chartered as a land grant agricultural college.
1789~ Lieutenant William Bligh (1754 ~ 1817) and 18 of his loyal sailors were set adrift following the Mutiny on the Bounty. The mutineers returned to Tahiti, then set sail for Pitcairn’s Island.
1788~ Maryland became the seventh state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
1503~ The Battle of Cerignola in southern Italy was fought between Spanish and French armies. The Spanish armies utilized firearms and were victorious; marking the first battle won using gunpowder in small fire arms.
Good-Byes:
1999~ Arthur Leonard Schawlow (b. May 5, 1921), American physicist and recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on lasers. He died 7 days before his 78thbirthday.
1988~ Clarabelle Lansing (b. Jan. 18, 1930), American stewardess on the ill-fated Aloha Airlines. She was the only fatality when the fuselage ripped open mid-flight. She was 58 years old.
1960~ Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (b. Nov. 3, 1877), President of Chile. He served two terms, the first from May 1927 until November 1931 in his first term and the second term from November 1952 until November 1958. He died at age 82.
1954~ Léon Jouhaux (b. July 1, 1879), French labor leader and recipient of the 1951 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 74.
1949~ Aurora Quezon (b. Feb. 19, 1888), First Lady of the Philippines. She was assassinated on her way to open a hospital dedicated to her deceased husband, former president of the Philippines. She was 61 years old.
1946~ Louis Bachelier (b. Mar. 11, 1870), French mathematician. He died at age 76.
1945~ Clara Petacci (b. Feb. 28, 1912), Italian mistress of Benito Mussolini. She was executed by firing squad along with Mussolini. She was 33 years old.
1945~ Benito Anilcare Mussolini (b. July 29, 1883), Fascist dictator of Italy. He served as the 27thPrime Minister of Italy from October 1922 until July 1943. He was executed by a firing squad, which consisted of members of the Italian resistance movement. He was 61.
1944~ Frank Knox (néWilliam Franklin Knox, b. Jan. 1, 1874), 46thSecretary of the Navy. He served under President Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II, from July 1940 until April 1944. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died in office at age 70.
1936~ King Faud I of Egypt (b. Mar. 26, 1868). He died about a month after his 68thbirthday.
1922~ Paul Deschanel (b. Feb. 13, 1855), President of France from February 1920 until September 1920. He died at age 67.
1903~ Josiah Willard Gibbs (b. Feb. 11, 1839), American mathematical physicist. An instructorship at the Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut is named in his honor. He died at age 64.
1883~ John Russell (b. Dec. 21, 1795), English parson and dog breeder. He died at age 87.
1865~ Sir Samuel Cunard, 1stBaronet (b. Nov. 21, 1787), Canadian businessman who founded the Cunard Line. He died at age 77.
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