April 25

Birthdays:

1969~ Renée Kathleen Zellweger, American actress.

1964~ Hank Azaria (né Henry Albert Azaria), American actor.

1955~ Zev Siegl, American businessman and co-founder of Starbucks.

1946~ Talia Shire (né Talia Rose Coppola), American actress.

1940~ Al Pacino (né Alfredo James Pacino), American actor.

1933~ Jerry Leiber (né Jerome Leiber, d. Aug. 22, 2011), American lyricist of the rock ‘n’ roll revolution.  He died of heart failure at age 78.

1932~ Meadowlark Lemon (né Meadow Lemon, III, d. Dec. 27, 2015), American basketball player and team member of the Harlem Globetrotters.  He died at age 83.

1931~ Felix Berezin (d. July 14, 1980), Russian mathematician.  He drowned at age 49.

1930~ Paul Mazursky (né Irwin Lawrence Mazursky, d. June 30, 2014), American film director.  He died of cardiac arrest at age 84.

1917~ Ella Fitzgerald (née Ella Jane Fitzgerald, d. June 15, 1996), American jazz singer.  She died of diabetes at age 79.

1911~ Connie Marrero (né Conrado Eugenio Marrero Ramos, d. Apr. 23, 2014), Cuban baseball pitcher who bamboozled batters.  He played for the Washington Senators.  He died 2 days before his 103^rdbirthday.

1908~ Edward R. Murrow (né Egbert Roscoe Murrow, b. Apr. 27, 1965), American journalist.  He died of lung cancer 2 days after his 57^thbirthday.

1906~ William Joseph Brennan, Jr. (d. July 24, 1997), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.  He was appointed to the High Court by President Dwight David Eisenhower.  He served on the Court from October 1956 until July 1990.  He died at age 91.

1903~ Andrey Nikolayevich Kolmogorov (d. Oct. 20, 1987), Russian mathematician.  He died at age 84.

1900~ Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (d. Dec. 15, 1958), Austrian physicist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died of pancreatic cancer at age 58.

1900~ Gladwyn Jebb (né Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb, 1^st Baron Gladwynd d. Oct. 24, 1996), English politician and acting Secretary-General of the United Nations.  He took the job until the appointment of the first Secretary-General.  He was in that position from October 1945 until February 1946. He died at age 96.

1874~ Guglielmo Marconi, 1^st Marquis of Marconi (d. July 20, 1937), Italian phusicist and inventor of the wireless telegraph and radio.  He was the recipient of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 63.

1873~ Walter John de la Mare (d. June 22, 1956), English poet. He died at age 83.

1849~ Felix Klein (né Christian Felix Klein, d. June 22, 1925), German mathematician.  He died at age 76.

1599~ Oliver Cromwell (d. Sept. 3, 1658), Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland; British general and politician.  He died at age 59.

1284~ Edward II of England (d. Sept. 21, 1327).  He died at age 43.

1214~ King Louis IX of France (d. Aug. 25, 1270).  He was also known as Saint Louis.  He died at age 56 while on the Eighth Crusade.

Events that Changed the World:

2015~ A 7.8 earthquake struck Nepal killing over 9000 people.

2003~ The Human Genome Project was completed.

1990~ Violeta Chamorro (b. 1929) became the first woman president of Nicaragua.

1988~ John Demjanuk (1920 ~ 2012) was sentenced to death in Israel for war crimes committed during World War II.  He would ultimately die of old age.

1983~ Samantha Smith (1972 ~ 1985), a young schoolgirl from Maine, was invited by Yuri Andropov (1914 ~ 1984) to visit the Soviet Union after he read her letter where she expressed her fears about nuclear war.

1982~ Israel completed its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula in accordance with the Camp David Accords.

1961~ Robert Noyce (1927 ~ 1990) was issued a patent for an integrated circuit.

1959~ The St. Lawrence Seaway, which linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, officially opened to shipping.

1953~ Francis Crick (1916 ~ 2004) and James Watson (b. 1928) published a paper describing the double helix structure of DNA.

1916~ The United Kingdom declared martial law in Ireland in response to the Easter Rising.

1915~ The Battle of Gallipoli began with the invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by Australian, British, French and New Zealand troops during World War I.

1901~ New York State became the first State in the United States to require license plates on automobiles.

1898~ The United States declared war on Spain, beginning the Spanish-American War.

1862~ Union Admiral David Farragut (1801 ~ 1870) demanded the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana during the American Civil War.

1859~ Ground was broken for the Suez Canal by British and French engineers.

1792~ The French national anthem, La Marseillaise, was composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (1760 ~ 1836).

1792~ Nicholas Pelletier (1756 ~ 1792), a French highwayman, became the first person executed by the guillotine.

Good-Byes:

2014~ Earl Morrall (né Earl Edwin Morrall, b. May 17, 1934), American backup football player who played a starring role.  He died 22 days before his 80^th birthday.

2009~ Bea Arthur (née Bernice Frankel, b. May 13, 1922), American actress.  She died 18 days before her 87^th birthday.

2005~ Hasil Adkins (b. Apr. 29, 1937), American musician from an Appalachian county in West Virginia who influenced the creation of rock ‘n roll.  He died 3 days before his 68^th birthday.

2002~ Athanasios Papoulis (b. 1921), Greek mathematician.  The exact date of his birth is not known.  He was 80 or 81 at the time of his death.

2000~ Lucien Marie Le Cam (b. Nov. 18, 1924), French mathematician.  He died at age 75.

1995~ Art Fleming (néArthur Fleming Fazzin, b. May 1, 1925), American game show host, best known for hosting Jeopardy!  He died of pancreatic cancer 6 days before his 71^st birthday.

1995~ Ginger Rogers (née Virginia Katherine McMath, b. July 16, 1911), American actress and dancer.  She died at age 83.

1976~ Markus Reiner (b. Jan. 5, 1886), Austrian-born Israeli civil engineer.  He died at age 90.

1944~ William Stephens (b. Dec. 26, 1859), 24^th Governor of California. He was Governor from March 1917 until January 1923.  He died at age 84.

1921~ Emmeline B. Wells (née Emmeline Blanche Woodward Harris Whitney Wells, b. Feb. 29, 1828), American journalist and women’s rights activist.  She was born in Petersham, Massachusetts and died in Salt Lake City, Utah.  She was 93 years old.

1919~ Augustus D. Juilliard (b. Apr. 19, 1839), American business and philanthropist. He built the Juilliard School, the conservatory of music, dance and theater in New York City.  He died 6 days after his 83^rd birthday.

1885~ Queen Emma of Hawaii (b. Jan. 2, 1836).  She died at age 49.

1878~ Anna Sewell (b. Mar. 30, 1820), English novelist, who is best known for her novel, Black Beauty.  She died of tuberculosis just 26 days before her 59^thbirthday.

1875~ 12^th Dalai Lama (né Trinley Gyatso, b. Jan. 26, 1857).  He died of a mysterious illness at age 18.

1840~ Baron Siméon Denis Poisson (b. June 21, 1781), French mathematician.  His name is one of 72 inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.  He died at age 58.

1744~ Anders Celsius (b. Nov. 27, 1701), Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician.  He is best known for the Celsius thermometer, which bears his name.  He died of tuberculosis at age 42.

1644~ Chongzhen Emperor (b. Feb. 6, 1611), last Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ruled from October 1627 until his death 1644.  He committed suicide at age 33 during a peasant rebellion.

1604~ Pietro de’Medici (b. June 3, 1554), Italian nobleman.  He died at age 49.

1595~ Torquato Tasso (b. Mar. 11, 1544), Italian poet.  He died at age 51.

1566~ Diane de Poitiers (b. Sept. 3, 1499), French noblewoman and mistress of King Henry II of France.  She died at age 66.

1342~ Pope Benedict XII (né Jacques Fournier, b. 1280). He was Pope from December 1334 until his death on this date just over 7 years later.  The exact date of his birth is unknown.