Birthdays:
1976 ~ Matthew Shepard (né Matthew Wayne Shepard; d. Oct. 12, 1998), American murder victim. He was tied to a fence and was brutally beaten because he was gay. He was 21 years old at the time of his murder. He was born in Casper, Wyoming. He was murdered in Fort Collins, Colorado. On October 26, 2018 his remains were interred at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.
1970 ~ Sarah Silverman (née Sarah Kate Silverman), American comedian and actress. She was born in Bedford, New Hampshire.
1958 ~ Charlene L. Tilton, American actress. She is best known for her role as Lucy Ewing on the television drama Dallas. She was born in San Diego, California.
1951 ~ Treat Williams (né Richard Treat Williams), American actor. He was born in Rowayton, Connecticut.
1949 ~ Pablo Escobar (né Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria; d. Dec. 2, 1993), Columbian drug lord. He was killed in a shootout one day after his 44th birthday.
1949 ~ Sabastián Piñera (né Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique), President of Chile from March 2010 to March 2014. He was reelected as President a few years later and assumed the Office of President in March 2018.
1945 ~ Bette Midler, American singer. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.
1940 ~ Richard Pryor (né Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Prior; d. Dec. 10, 2005), American actor and comedian. He died of a heart attack 9 days after his 65th birthday.
1935 ~ Woody Allen (né Allan Steward Konigsberg), American film director. He was born in New York, New York.
1933 ~ Lou Rawls (né Louis Allen Rawls, d. Jan. 6, 2006), African-American singer. He died of cancer about a month after his 72nd birthday.
1931 ~ Juanita Abernathy (née Juanita Odessa Jones; d. Sept. 12, 2019), American civil rights activist who helped plan the Montgomery bus boycott. She was the wife of civil rights activist Ralph Abernathy. She was born in Uniontown, Alabama. She died at age 87 in Atlanta, Georgia.
1925 ~ Martin Rodbell (d. Dec. 7, 1998), American biochemist and endocrinologist. He was the recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died 6 days after his 73rd birthday.
1923 ~ Stansfield Turner (d. Jan. 18, 2018), 12th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He served in that capacity during the Carter Administration from March 1977 until January 1981. He died at age 94.
1921 ~ Vernon McGarity (d. May 21, 2013), American World War II hero who won the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of the Bulge. He died at age 91.
1913 ~ Mary Martin (née Mary Virginia Martin; d. Nov. 3, 1990), American actress best known for her role as Peter Panin the play by the same name. She was the mother of actor Larry Hagman (1931 ~ 2012). She died a month before her 77th birthday.
1912 ~ Minoru Yamasaki (d. Feb. 6, 1986), American architect. He designed the World Trade Center. He died of stomach cancer at age 73.
1901 ~ Ilona Fehér (d. Jan. 1, 1988), Hungarian-Jewish violinist. She was born in Budapest, Hungary. She died a month after her 87th birthday in Holon, Israel.
1886 ~ Rex Stout (né Rex Todhunter Stout; d. Oct. 27, 1975), American detective-story writer. He created fictional detective Nero Wolf. He was born in Noblesville, Indiana. He died in Danbury, Connecticut at age 88.
1847 ~ Julia A. Moore (née Julia Ann Davis; d. June 5, 1920), American poet. She is known for writing especially bad poetry. She died at age 72.
1844 ~ Alexandra of Denmark (d. Nov. 20, 1925), Queen consort of the United Kingdom and wife of King Edward VII. She was of the royal family of Denmark. She died 11 days before her 81st birthday.
1805 ~ 9th Dalai Lama (né Lungtok Gyatso; d. Mar. 6, 1815). He died at age 9.
1792 ~ Nikolai Lobachevsky (d. Feb. 24, 1856), Russian mathematician. He is best known for his work on hyperbolic geometry. He died at age 63.
1761 ~ Marie Tussaud (née Anna Marie Grosholtz; d. Apr. 16, 1850), French-born artist best known for her wax sculptures of famous people. She was the founder of the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum in London, England. She died at age 88.
1083 ~ Anna Komnen (d. 1153), Byzantine Princess, physician and scholar. She is best known for writing a detailed history of her father, Alexios I Komnenos, and his reign of the Byzantine Empire. This was the first major Western history written by a woman. The exact date of her death is not known, but she is believed to have been about 70 at the time of her death.
1081 ~ King Louis VI of France (d. Aug. 1, 1137). He was known as Louis the Fat. He reigned as King of France from July 1108 until his death 29 years later. He died at age 55.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ The first known case of Covid-19 was identified in Wuhan, China.
2001 ~ Trans World Airlines (TWA) ended its operations after 76 years. The company was purchased by American Airlines.
1988 ~ The World Health Organization declared the first World AIDS day.
1981 ~ The AIDS virus was officially recognized.
1974 ~ TWA Flight 514 crashed near Dulles International Airport, killing all 92 passengers aboard. On the same day, Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231 crashed near John F. Kennedy International Airport. This was a charter flight and at the time of the crash there were only three crew members aboard. All were killed.
1969 ~ The United States instituted the first draft lottery since World War II in an effort to recruit soldiers for the Vietnam War.
1959 ~ Twelve countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, signed a treaty setting aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve
1955 ~ Rosa Parks (1913 ~ 2005) refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, and was arrested for violating the city’s racial segregation laws. This incident lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1952 ~ The New York Daily News reported that Christine Jorgensen (né George William Jorgensen, Jr.; 1926 ~ 1989), had successful sexual reassignment surgery, followed by hormone therapy.
1919 ~ Lady Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor (1879 ~ 1964) became the first woman Member of Parliament in the House of Commons. She was an American-born socialite whose second marriage to Waldof Astor led her into politics.
1918 ~ The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was proclaimed. It later became known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
1918 ~ The Kingdom of Iceland became a sovereign state while still remaining a part of Denmark.
1913 ~ The Ford Motor Company first introduced the assembly line for manufacturing.
1913 ~ The Buenos Aires Subway began operating. It was the first underground subway system in the Southern hemisphere.
1885 ~ Dr. Pepper was first sold at a drug store in Waco, Texas.
1865 ~ Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, was founded in Raleigh, North Carolina. The university is affiliated with the General Baptist Convention of North Carolina.
1862 ~ In his State of the Union Address, President Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865) reaffirmed the necessity of ending slavery.
1824 ~ In the United States presidential election, no candidate received a majority of the electoral college votes. The United States House of Representatives, therefore was tasked with determining the President in accordance with the 12thAmendment to the United States Constitution. The four potential candidates were: John Quincy Adams (1767 ~ 1848), Andrew Jackson (1767 ~ 1845), William Crawford (1772 ~ 1834), and Henry Clay (1777 ~ 1852). John Quincy Adams was ultimately determined to become President.
Good-Byes:
2013 ~ Martin Sharp (né Martin Ritchie Sharp; b. Jan. 21, 1942), Australian graphic artist who set a psychedelic tone for the 1960s. He died of emphysema at age 71.
2008 ~ Paul Benedict (b. Sept. 17, 1938), American actor. He is best known for his role as Mr. Bentley on The Jeffersons. He died at age 70.
2006 ~ Robert N. Anthony (né Robert Newton Anthony; b. Sept. 6, 1916); American organizational theorist and professor of management control. He was born in Orange, Massachusetts and died in Hanover, New Hampshire. He died at age 90.
2004 ~ Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (b. June 29, 1911), Prince consort of the Netherlands. He was the husband of Queen Juliana. He died at age 93.
1997 ~ Endicott Peabody (b. Feb. 15, 1920), 62nd Governor of Massachusetts. He served as Governor from January 1963 until January 1965. He died of leukemia in Hollis, New Hampshire at age 77.
1991 ~ George Stigler (né George Joseph Stigler; b. Jan. 17, 1911), American economist and recipient of the 1982 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He died at age 80.
1989 ~ Alvin Ailey (b. Jan. 5, 1931), African-American dancer and choreographer. He died at age 58.
1987 ~ James Baldwin (né James Arthur Baldwin; b. Aug. 2, 1924), African-American writer and political activist. He is best known for his first novel, To Tell It on the Mountain. He was born in Harlem, New York. He died of stomach cancer at age 63 in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France.
1978 ~ Leo Aikman (né James Leo Aikman; b. Dec. 22, 1908), American journalist and historian. He died following heart surgery just 21 days before his 70th birthday.
1973 ~ David Ben-Gurion (né David Grün; b. Oct. 16, 1886), 1st and 3rd Prime Minister of Israel. He first served from May 1948 until January 1954. His second term ran from November 1955 through June 1963. He died at age 87.
1947 ~ G.H. Hardy (né Godfrey Harold Hardy; b. Feb. 7, 1877), English mathematician best known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. He died at age 70.
1866 ~ Sir George Everest (b. July 4, 1790), Welsh surveyor and geographer. He served as the Surveyor General of India from 1830 through 1843. Mount Everest in the Himalayan Mountains was named in his honor. He died at age 76.
1825 ~ Tsar Alexander I of Russia (b. Dec. 23, 1777). He was Tsar from March 1801 until his death 24 years later. He was married to Louise of Baden. He died of typhus 22 days before his 48th birthday.
1797 ~ Oliver Wolcott, Sr. (b. Nov. 20, 1726), American politician and 19th Governor of Connecticut. He was born in Windsor, Connecticut. He died 11 days after his 71st birthday in Litchfield, Connecticut.
1750 ~ Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr (b. Sept. 27, 1671), German mathematician. The crater Dopplemayr on the moon is named in his honor. He died at age 79.
1729 ~ Giacomo F. Maraldi (né Giacomo Filippo Maraldi, b. Aug. 21, 1665), Italian mathematician. He died at age 64.
1521 ~ Pope Leo X (né Giovanni di Lorenzo de’Medici, b. Dec. 11, 1475). He was Pope from March 1513 until his death 8 years later. He was born in Florence, Italy. He died 10 days before his 46th birthday in Rome, Papal States.
1483 ~ Charlotte of Savoy (b. Nov. 11, 1441), Queen consort of France and 2nd wife of Louis XI, King of France. She was of the House of Valois. She was the daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy and Anne of Cyprus. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been born on November 11. She died of dysentery 20 days after her 42ndbirthday.
1455 ~ Lorenzo Ghiberti (né Lorenzo di Bartolo; b. 1378), Italian sculptor. He is best known for being the creator of the bronze doors of the Baptistery of the Cathedral in Florence. The date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 76 or 77 at the time of his death.
1241 ~ Isabella of England (b. 1214), Holy Roman Empress, Queen consort of Sicily. She was the wife of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. The date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been about 26 or 27 when she died in childbirth.
1135 ~ Henry I, King of England (b. 1068). He ruled as the King of England from August 1100 until his death 25 years later. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been about 66 or 67 at the time of his death.
217 ~ Yehudah HaNasi (b. 135). He was the chief rabbi of the Jewish community during the Roman occupation of Judea. He was the editor and redactor of the Mishnah.
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