Birthdays:
1970 ~ Matthew Syed (né Matthew Philip Syed), British journalist and table tennis player.
1966 ~ David Schwimmer (né David Lawrence Schwimmer), American actor. He is best known for his role as Ross Geller on the television sit-com Friends. He was born in New York, New York.
1942 ~ Shere Hite (née Shirley Diana Gregory; d. Sept. 9, 2020), American-born German sexologist and author. She was a researcher who upended views of sexuality. She is best known for her 1976 book, The Hite Report. She was born in Saint Joseph, Missouri. She died in London, England at age 77.
1938 ~ Sofía of Greece and Denmark, Queen consort of Spain and wife of Juan Carlos I, King of Spain. She is of the House of Glücksburg. She is the daughter of Paul, King of Greece and Frederica of Hanover.
1932 ~ Melvin Schwartz (d. Aug. 28, 2006), American physicist and recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in New York, New York. He died of Parkinson’s Disease at age 73 in Twin Falls, Idaho.
1929 ~ Amar Bose (né Amar Gopal Bose; d. July 12, 2013), American engineer who pioneered acoustic excellence. He was the founder of the Bose Company. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 83 in Wayland, Massachusetts.
1929 ~ Richard E. Taylor (né Richard Edward Taylor; d. Feb. 22, 2018), Canadian physicist and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was born in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. He died at age 88 in Stanford, California.
1927 ~ Steve Ditko (né Stephen J. Ditko; d. June 29, 2018), American enigmatic comic artist who helped create Spider-Man. He was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. He died at age 90 in New York, New York.
1918 ~ Alexander Vraciu (d. Jan. 29, 2015), American flying ace in the United States Navy who dominated the Pacific during World War II. He was born in East Chicago, Indiana. He died at age 96 in West Sacramento, California.
1914 ~ Ray Walston (né Herman Raymond Walston; d. Jan. 1, 2001), American actor best known for his role as the Martian on the television show, My Favorite Martian. He was born in Laurel, Mississippi. He died of lupus at age 86 in Beverly Hills, California.
1913 ~ Burt Lancaster (né Burton Stephen Lancaster; d. Oct. 20, 1994), American actor. He was born in New York, New York. He died 13 days before his 81st birthday in Century City, California.
1911 ~ Raphael M. Robinson (né Raphael Mitchel Robinson; d. Jan. 27, 1995), American mathematician. He was born in National City, California. He died at age 83 in Berkeley, California.
1911 ~ Odysseas Elytis (d. Mar. 18, 1996), Greek poet and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 84 in Athens, Greece.
1865 ~ Warren G. Harding (né Warren Gamaliel Harding, d. Aug. 2, 1923), 29th President of the United States. He was President from March 1921 until his death of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 57 while in Office. He was born in Blooming Grove, Ohio. He died in San Francisco, California.
1844 ~ John J. Loud (né John Jacob Loud; d. Aug. 10, 1916), American inventor and attorney. He is credited with developing the first ballpoint pen. He was born and died in Weymouth, Massachusetts. He died at age 71.
1815 ~ George Boole (d. Dec. 8, 1864), English mathematician and philosopher. He died about a month after his 49thbirthday.
1799 ~ Titian Peale (né Titian Ramsay Peale; d. Mar. 13, 1885), American artist, naturalist and explorer. He was born and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died at age 85.
1795 ~ James K. Polk (né James Knox Polk; d. June 15, 1849), 11th President of the United States. He served as President from March 1854 through March 1849. He had previously served as the 13th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, from December 1835 until March 1839. He was born in Pineville, North Carolina and died in Nashville, Tennessee. He died at age 53, shortly after his term as President ended.
1767 ~ Prince Edward (né Edward Augustus; d. Jan. 23, 1820), Duke of Kent and Strathearn. He was of the House of Hanover. He was the son of George III, King of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He was the father of Queen Victoria. He died of pneumonia at age 52.
1755 ~ Marie Antoinette (née Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna; d. Oct. 16, 1793), Austrian wife of King Louis XVI of France. She was of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. She was the daughter of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and Empress Maria Theresa. She was guillotined during the French Revolution. She was executed less than 3 weeks before her 38th birthday.
1734 ~ Daniel Boone (d. Sept. 26, 1820), American frontiersman. This is the date of his birth under the Gregorian calendar. Under the Julian calendar, his birthday is noted as October 22. He died at age 85.
1709 ~ Anne, Princess Royal (d. Jan. 12, 1759), Princess consort of Orange and wife of William IV, Prince of Orange. She was of the House of Hanover. She was the second child and eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Queen consort Caroling of Ansbach. She died of dropsy at age 49.
1549 ~ Anna of Austria (d. Oct. 26, 1580), Queen consort of Spain and wife of her uncle, Philip II, King of Spain. She was of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Austria. She died of influenza a week before her 31st birthday.
1475 ~ Anne of York (d. Nov. 23, 1511), English princess and 5th daughter of Edward IV, King of England and Elizabeth Woodville. She was born on the fifth birthday of her brother, Edward V, King of England. She was of the House of York. She died 21 days after her 36th birthday.
1470 ~ Edward V, King of England (d. 1483). He reigned for just a few months. He was one of the two princes in the Tower of London. He was of the House of York. He was the son of Edward IV, King of England and Elizabeth Woodville. The exact date of his death is not known, but he is believed to have been 12 at the time of his death.
1299 ~ Alfonso IV (d. Jan. 24, 1336), King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica. He was also known as Alfonso the Kind. He ruled as King from November 1327 until his death 9 years later. He was of the House of Barcelona. He was the son of James II, King of Aragon and Blanche of Anjou. He was married twice, first to Teresa d’Entença, and then to Eleanor of Castile. He was succeeded by his son Peter IV, King of Aragon. He was born in Naples, Italy. He died at age 36 in Barcelona, Spain.
1154 ~ Constance, Queen of Sicily (d. Nov. 27, 1198), and Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire. She was the wife of Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. She was of the House of Hauteville. She was the daughter of Roger II, King of Sicily and Beatrice of Rethel. She was born and died in Palermo, Sicily. She died 25 days after her 44th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2016 ~ The Chicago Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in the Baseball World Series. The series went to the full seven games. It was the Cub’s first pennant in 108 years. Technically, the game was won on November 3, as the game ended after midnight.
1983 ~ President Ronald Reagan (1911 ~ 2004) signed a bill creating Martin Luther King, Jr. Day as a national holiday.
1964 ~ Saudi Arabian King Saud (1902 ~ 1969) was deposed by a family coup. He was replaced by his half-brother, King Faisal (1906 ~ 1975).
1960 ~ In the trial of R. v. Penguin Books, Ltd, the British jury found that the book publisher was not guilty of obscenity for publishing Lady Chatterley’s Lover.
1959 ~ Game show contestant, Charles Van Doren (1926 ~ 2019), admitted to cheating on the Twenty One game show.
1948 ~ Harry Truman (1884 ~ 1972) defeated Thomas Dewey (1902 ~ 1971) in the Presidential election. The Chicago Tribune had issued an early edition with the banner proclaiming that Dewey had beaten the incumbent President.
1936 ~ The British Broadcasting Corporation began the BBC Television Service.
1936 ~ The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was established.
1930 ~ Haile Selassie (1892 ~ 1975) was crowned emperor of Ethiopia. He had ruled the country since April 1930. He would rule the country until September 1974.
1920 ~ The first commercial radio station in the United States, KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, began broadcasting. The first broadcast reported the results of the United States presidential election.
1917 ~ The Balfour Declaration was issued, which proclaimed British support for the establishment in Palestine as a national home for the Jewish people.
1889 ~ North Dakota became the 39th State of the Union.
1889 ~ South Dakota became the 40th State of the Union.
1783 ~ General George Washington gave his “Farewell Address to the Army” in Rocky Hill, New Jersey.
Good-Byes:
2018 ~ Kitty O’Neil (née Kitty Linn O’Neil; b. Mar. 24, 1946), American deaf stuntwoman who sped into record books. She was a race car driver and was known as the fastest woman in the world. A childhood illness left her deaf. She was born in Corpus Christi, Texas. She died of pneumonia at age 72 in Eureka, South Dakota.
2012 ~ Milt Campbell (né Milton Gray Campbell; b. Dec. 9, 1933), African-American superb athlete who won the 1952 Olympic decathlon. He was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. He died in Gainsville, Georgia about a month before his 79thbirthday.
2012 ~ Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar (b. July 22, 1930), Indian-American mathematician. He died at age 82.
2008 ~ Madelyn Dunham (née Madelyn Lee Payne; b. Oct. 26, 1922), American grandmother of President Barack Obama. She died a week after her 86th birthday and just 2 days before Obama was elected President.
2008 ~ Henry Loomis (b. Apr. 19, 1919), American physicist who led the Voice of America and Public Broadcasting. He was born in Tuxedo Park, New York. He died at age 88 in Jacksonville, Florida.
2004 ~ Theo van Gogh (né Theodoor van Gogh; b. July 23, 1957), Dutch actor and director. He was murdered at age 47 by a radical Muslim for his criticism of Islam.
2002 ~ Charles Sheffield (b. June 25, 1935), British mathematician, physicist and writer. He died of a brain tumor in Silver Spring, Maryland at age 67.
1998 ~ Mareta N. West (née Mareta Nelle West; b. Aug. 9, 1915), American astronomer and geologist. She was the first female astrogeologist. She chose the site of the first manned lunar landing. She was born in Elk City, Oklahoma. She died at age 83.
1970 ~ Cardinal Richard Cushing (né Richard James Cushing; b. Aug. 24, 1895), Cardinal and archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts. He was born and died in Boston. He died at age 75.
1966 ~ Peter Debye (né Peter Joseph William Debye; b. Mar. 24, 1884) Dutch chemist and recipient of 1936 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He died at age 82.
1963 ~ Ngô Đinh Diêm (b. Jan. 3, 1901), 1st President of South 9nam. He served as President from October 1955 until his assassination following a military coup in November 1963. He was 62 at the time of his death.
1961 ~ James Thurber (né James Grover Thurber; b. Dec. 8, 1894), American writer and humorist. He died about a month before his 67th birthday.
1950 ~ George Bernard Shaw (b. July 26, 1856), Irish playwright and recipient of the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 94.
1945 ~ Princess Thyra of Denmark (b. Mar. 14, 1880). She was the daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden. She never married. She died at age 65.
1887 ~ Jenny Lind (née Johanna Marie Lind; b. Oct. 6, 1820), Swedish soprano. She was known as the Swedish Nightingale. She died less than a month after her 67th birthday.
1859 ~ James Curtiss (b. Apr. 7, 1803), 11th and 13th Mayor of Chicago. He served his first term from 1847 to 1848, and his second term from 1850 to 1851. He was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut. He died at age 56 after a long illness in Joliet, Illinois.
1261 ~ Bettisia Gozzadini (b. 1209), Italian jurist and lecturer at the University of Bologna. She is believed to be the first woman to have taught at a university. The exact date of her birth is not known. She was killed in a flood.
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