October 1

Birthdays:

1969~ Zach Galifianakis (né Zachary Knight Galifianakis), American actor.

1956~ Theresa May (née Theresa Mary Brasier), Prime Minster of the United Kingdom.  She assumed office in July 2016, following the Brexit referendum.

1950~ Randy Quaid (né Randy Randall Rudy Quaid), American actor.

1947~ Dave  Arneson (né David Lance Arneson, d. Apr. 7, 2009), American gamester who co-invented Dungeons and Dragons.  He died of cancer at age 61.

1947~ Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist and recipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

1945~ Rod Carew (né Rodney Cline Carew), American baseball player.

1935~ Dame Julie Andrews (née Julia Elizabeth Wells), English actress and singer, best known for her role as Mary Poppins in the movie of the same name.

1930~ Richard Harris (né Richard St. John Harris; d. Oct. 25, 2002), Irish actor.  He died of Hodgkin’s lymphoma 24 days after his 72^nd birthday.

1927~ Tom Bosley (néThomas Edward Bosley; d. Oct 19, 2010), American actor.  He is best known for portraying Howard Cunningham on Happy Days.  He died 18 days after his 83^rd birthday.

1924~ William Rehnquist (né William Hubbs Rehnquist, d. Sept. 3, 2005), 16^th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Richard Nixon, where he served as an Associate Justice from January 1972 until September 1986.  He was elevated to Chief Justice by Ronald Reagan, and continued on the Court in that position from September 1986 until his death 19 years later.  He had a summer home in northern Vermont and was even listed in the local phone book.  He died about a month before his 81^st birthday.

1924~ Jimmy Carter (né James Earl Carter, Jr.), 39^th President of the United States and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.  He served as President from January 1977 until January 1981.

1922~ Chen Ning Yang, Chinese-American physicist and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics.

1921~ James Whitmore (né James Allen Whitmore, Jr.; d. Feb. 6, 2009), American gruff character actor who specialized in ordinary guys.  He died at age 87.

1920~ Walter Matthau (né Walter John Matthow, d. July 1, 2000), American actor who was the original sloppy Oscar Madison in the movie The Odd Couple.  He died of heart disease at age 79.

1914~ Daniel J. Boorstin (né Daniel Joseph Boorstin; d. Feb. 28, 2004), American historian and writer.  He was the 12^th Librarian of Congress, where he served from November 1975 until September 1987, during the administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.  He died at age 89.

1912~ Dame Kathleen Ollerenshaw (née Kathleen Mary Timpson, d. Aug. 10, 2014), British mathematician, astronomer and Lord Mayor of Manchester, England.  She died at age 101.

1910~ Bonnie Parker (née Bonnie Elizabeth Parker; d. May 23, 1934), American outlaw who, along with her partner, Clyde Barrow (1909 ~ 1934), robbed banks throughout the South and Midwest.  She and Clyde were killed in a police ambush in Bienville Parish, Louisiana.  She was 23 years old.

1910~ José Enrique Moyal (d. May 22, 1998), Israeli-Australian mathematical physicist and engineer.  He died at age 87.

1910~ Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg (d. Mar. 20, 2012), Polish-born Israeli rabbi and scholar.  He died at age 101.

1909~ Sam Yorty (né Samuel William Yorty, d. June 5, 1998), American politician and 37^th Mayor of Los Angeles.  He served as Mayor from July 1961 until July 1973.  He died at age 88.

1903~ Vladimir Horowitz (né Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz; d. Nov. 5, 1989), Ukrainian-born pianist.  He died at age 86 of a heart attack.

1894~ Edgar Krahn (d. Mar. 6, 1961), Estonian mathematician.  He was born before Estonia converted to the Gregorian calendar, so his birthday is sometimes listed as having occurred on September 19.  He died at age 66.

1881~ William E. Boeing (né Wilhelm Böing, d. Sept. 28, 1956), American aviation pioneer and founder of the Boeing Company.  He died just 3 days before 75^th birthday.

1868~ Mongut (b. Oct. 19, 1804), Thia king.  He is best known for being the king of Siam from the musical The King and I.  He died 17 days before his 64^th birthday.

1850~ David R. Francis (né David Rowland Francis; d. Jan. 15, 1927), 20^th United States Secretary of the Interior.  He served under Presidents Grover Cleveland and William McKinley from September 1896 until March 1897.  He died at age 76.

1832~ Caroline Harrison (née Caroline Lavinia Scott, d. Oct. 25, 1892), American educator and First Lady of the United States.  She was the wife of President Benjamin Harrison.  They had married in October 1853.  She was 56 years old when she assumed the role of First Lady.  She died while still in the White House of tuberculosis just 24 days after her 60^th birthday.

1808~ Mary Anna Custis Lee (née Mary Anna Randolph Custis, d. Nov. 5, 1873), American wife of Confederate General Robert E. Lee.  She was also the great-granddaughter of Martha Custis Washington.  She died at age 66.

1754~ Tsar Paul I of Russia (d. Mar. 23, 1801).  His mother was Catherine the Great.  He was murdered in his bedroom at St. Michael’s Castle.  He was first hit with a sword, then strangled and finally trampled to death.  He was 46 years old.  [Note: under the Julian calendar, his death is recorded as March 11, 1801.].

1685~ Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Oct. 20, 1740).  He reigned as the Holy Roman Emperor from October 1711 until his death in October 1740.  He died three weeks after his 55^thbirthday.

1671~ Luigi Guido Grandi (d. July 4, 1742), Italian monk and mathematician.  He died at age 80.

1207~ King Henry III of England (d. Nov. 16, 1272).  He reigned as King of England from October 1216 until his death in November 1272.  He died at age 65.

Events that Changed the World:

2017~ A mass shooting in Las Vegas killed over 58 people dead and hundreds of others wounded when a lone gunman opened fire on a crowd at an outdoor concert.  The gunman then committed suicide.

2013~ The United States Government began a shut-down due to Congressional disagreement over the budget and the Affordable Health Care Act.  The shut-down continued until October 17, 2013.

2012~ A ferry collision off the coast of Hong King killed 38 people and injured over 100 others.

1989~ Denmark became the first country to recognize same-sex legal relationships.

1982~ EPCOT Center opened at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida.  EPCOT stands for Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow.

1979~ The United States returned sovereignty of the Panama Canal to Panama.

1979~ Pope John Paul II (1920 ~ 2005) made his first visit to the United States.

1975~ Muhammad Ali (1942 ~ 2016) defeated Joe Frazier (1944 ~ 2011) in a boxing match dubbed The Trilla in Manila, in Manila, Philippines

1971~ The first CAT scan was performed at the Atkinson Morley Hospital in London, England.

1971~ Walt Disney World opened in Orlando, Florida.

1969~ The SST Concorde broke the sound barrier for the first time.

1962~ The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson began airing.  The show ran until May 22, 1992, when Johnny Carson retired.

1960~ Nigeria gained its independence from the United Kingdom.

1958~ NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, was created to replace NACA, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which was founded in 1915 to undertake, promote and institutionalize aeronautical research.

1957~ The words, In God We Trust, was added to all United States paper currency.

1949~ Mao Zedong (1893 ~ 1976) established the People’s Republic of China.

1946~ Mensa International was founded in the United Kingdom.

1946~ The Nuremberg Trials ended with the sentencing of Nazi leaders.

1940~ The Pennsylvania Turnpike opened to traffic.  It is considered to be the first “superhighway” in the United States.

1936~ Francisco Franco (1892 ~ 1975) became head of Spain.

1931~ The George Washington Bridge between New Jersey and New York was completed. It would open to the public about three weeks later.

1920~ Sir Percy Cox (1864 ~ 1937) entered Basra to assume his responsibilities as the High Commissioner of Iraq.

1910~ A union member of the International Association of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers planted a bomb in the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles.  Twenty-one people were killed in the explosion.

1908~ The Model T Ford first went on sale.  The cost of the automobile was $825.

1903~ In the first game of the modern World Series, the Boston Americans played against the Pittsburgh Pirates.  The Boston team went on to win the series 5-3.

1896~ Rural Free Postal Service began in the United States.  The first state to use the service was West Virginia.

1891~ Stanford University in California was established.

1890~ The United States Congress established Yosemite National Park and Yellowstone National Park.

1880~ Thomas Edison (Feb. 11, 1847 ~ Oct. 18, 1931) opened the first electric lamp factory.

1880~ John Philip Sousa (1854 ~ 1932) became the leader of the United States Marine Band.

1854~ The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury, Massachusetts, by Aaron Dennison (1812 ~ 1895), moved to Waltham, Massachusetts and became known as the Waltham Watch Company.  It was a pioneer in the American system of watch manufacturing.

1843~ The News of the World tabloid began its publication in London, England. It remained publishing until 2011 when it finally folded due to a hacking scandal.

1811~ The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrived in New Orleans, Louisiana.  The steamer, named the New Orleans, was built in Pittsburgh.  Service on the Mississippi was from New Orleans, Louisiana to Natchez, Mississippi.

1800~ Spain ceded Louisiana to France.  Three years later the United States would purchase the Louisiana territory.

1553~ Mary I (1516 ~ 1558) was crowned Queen of England.

959~ Edgar the Peaceable (943 ~ 975) became King of England.

331 B.C.E.~ Alexander the Great (356 ~ 323 B.C.E.) defeated Darius III (380 ~ 330 B.C.E.) of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.

Good-Byes:

2017~ Arthur Janov (b. Aug. 21, 1924), American psychologist who believed in therapeutic screaming.  He died at age 93.

2013~ Tom Clancy (néThomas Leo Clancy, Jr. b. Apr. 12, 1947), American author of political thrillers who spoke the military’s language.  He died at age 66.

2013~ Vladimir Miklyukov (b. Jan. 8, 1944), Russian mathematician.  He died at age 69.

2009~ David I. Shapiro (né David Israel Shapiro, b. June 17, 1928), American First Amendment attorney who defended free speech.  He died of cardiac arrest at age 81.

2008~ Nick Reynolds (né Nicholas Wells Reynolds, b. July 27, 1933), American folk musician and master of harmony who founded the Kingston Trio.  He was a bongo player.  He died of acute respiratory disease at age 75.

2008~ Boris Yefimov (b. Sept. 28, 1899), Soviet political cartoonist who was a favorite of Joseph Stalin.  He was known for his critical political caricatures of Adolf Hitler and other Nazis.  He died 3 days after his 109^th birthday.

2007~ Harry Lee (b. Aug. 27, 1932), American sheriff from Jefferson Parish, Louisiana.  He died at age 75.

2004~ Richard Avedon (b. May 15, 1923), American fashion photographer.  He died at age 81.

1994~ Paul Lorenzen (b. Mar. 24, 1915), German mathematician.  He died at age 79.

1992~ Petra Kelly (née Petra Karin Lehmann; b. Nov. 29, 1947), German political activist.  She was killed in a murder-suicide by her partner.  She was 44 years old.

1990~ Curtis E. LeMay (né Curtis Emerson LeMay; b. Nov. 15, 1906), General in the United States Air Force. He served in World War II.  He served as the 5^th United States Air Force Chief of Staff from June 1961 until January 1965.  He died at age 83.

1985~ E.B. White (né Elwyn Brooks White, b. July 11, 1899), American author, best known for his children’s novels, Charlotte’s Web and Stuart Little.  He died in North Brooklin, Maine at age 86.

1972~ Louis B. Leaky (né Louis Seymour Bazett Leaky, b. Aug. 7, 1903), Kenyan-born British anthropologist and archaeologist.  He died at age 69.

1966~ Mary Reddick (née Mary Logan; b. Dec. 31, 1914), African-American neuroembryologist.  She died at age 51.

1942~ Ants Piip (b. Feb. 28, 1884), Prime Minister of Estonia.  He served as Prime Minister from October 1920 until December 1920, at which time he became the 1^st State Elder of Estonia.  He served in that position for only a month until January 1921.  He died in a Soviet prison camp at age 58.

1940~ Chiungtze C. Tsen (b. Apr. 2, 1898), Chinese mathematician.  He died of a stomach ulcer at age 42.

1864~ Rose O’Neal Greenhow (b. 1817), Confederate spy during the American Civil War.  She drown at age 51 while trying to escape a Union gunboat.  The exact date of her birth is not known.

1768~ Robert Simson (b. Oct. 14, 1687), Scottish mathematician.  He died 2 weeks before his 81^st birthday.

1404~ Pope Boniface IX (né Piero Cybo Tomacelli, b. 1356).  He was Pope from November 1389 until his death 4 year later.  The exact date of his birth is unknown.

959~ Eadwig (b. 941), English king.  He was King from 955 until his death 4 years later.  The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been about 18 years old at the time of his death.