March 19

Birthdays:

1982 ~ Eduardo Luiz Saverin, Brazilian co-founder of FaceBook.

1955 ~ Bruce Willis (né Walter Bruce Willis), American actor.

1952 ~ Harvey Weinstein, American film director, actor and producer.  In the fall of 2017, he was accused of sexual abuse of numerous women and was ousted from his job.

1947 ~ Glenn Close (née Glenda Veronica Close), American actress.

1944 ~ Paul C.P. McIlhenny (d. Feb. 23, 2013), American businessman from Avery Island, Louisiana whose family owned the McIlhenny Tabasco Sauce company.  He died less than a month before his 69^th birthday.

1943 ~ Mario J. Molina, Mexican chemist and recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in elucidating the threat to the Earth’s ozone layer.

1936 ~ Ursula Andress, Swiss model and actress.

1933 ~ Philip Milton Roth, American author.

1927 ~ Richard Nelson Bolles (d. Mar. 31, 2017), American clergyman who became a job-searching guru.  He was an Episcopal priest who wrote the book, What Color is Your Parachute?  He died 12 days after his 90^th birthday.

1925 ~ Brent Scowcroft, 9^th and 17^th United States National Security Advisor.  He served under President Gerald Ford from November 1975 until January 1977; and George H.W. Bush from January 1989 until January 1993.

1922 ~ Guy Vernon Lewis, II (d. Nov. 26, 2015), the American college basketball coach who lead the University Houston Cougars.  He died at age 93.

1922 ~ Hiroo Onoda (d. Jan. 16, 2014), Japanese soldier who refused to surrender in 1945 following World War II.  It was not until 1974 that his former commander personally issued orders relieving him from his duties.  He died at age 91.

1916 ~ Irving Wallace (d. June 29, 1990), American journalist and author.  He died of pancreatic cancer at age 74.

1914 ~ Leonidas Alaoglu (d. Aug. 25, 1981), Greek-Canadian mathematician.  He died at age 67.

1906 ~ Adolf Eichmann (d. June 1, 1962), German SS officer.  He was one of the primary organizers of the Holocaust.  After World War II, he and his family escaped and lived in Argentina, where his was ultimately captured by Mossad transferred to Israel where he went on trial for war crimes.  He was convicted and hanged at age 56.

1905 ~ Albert Speer (né Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, d. Sept. 1, 1981), Nazi architect, who acknowledged moral responsibility for war crimes at the Nuremburg trials.  He was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his war crimes.  He died of a stroke at age 76.

1904 ~ John Joseph Sirica (d. Aug. 14, 1992), American judge.  He was the Chief Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.  He is best known for presiding over the Watergate hearings.  He died at age 88.

1900 ~ Frédéric-Joliot Curie (d. Aug. 14, 1958), French physicist and recipient of the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.  He was the husband of physicist Irène Joliet-Curie, daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie.  He died at age 58.

1891 ~ Earl Warren (d. July 9, 1974), 14^th Chief Justice of the United States.  He was appointed to the High Court by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.  He served on the Court from October 1953 until June 1969.  He died at age 83.

1883 ~ Sir Walter Norman Haworth (d. Mar 19, 1950), British chemist and recipient of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C.  He died of a heart attack on his 67^th birthday.

1881 ~ Edith Nourse Rogers (d. Sept. 10, 1960), American social worker and politician.  She was the first woman from Massachusetts to serve in Congress.  She served in the House of Representatives from June 1925 until her death on September 1960.  She was born in Saco, Maine and died in Boston, Massachusetts.  She died at age 79.

1860 ~ William Jennings Bryan (d. July 26, 1925), American lawyer and politician.  He served as the 41^st United States Secretary of State.  He held that office from March 1913 until June 1915 during the Woodrow Wilson administration.  He is most famous for his defense during the Scopes “Monkey” trial.  He died 5 days following the conclusion of the Scopes trial.  He was 65 years old.

1848 ~ Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (d. Jan. 13, 1929), American law enforcement officer in the Wild West.  He is best known for his role in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona.  He died at age 80.

1821 ~ Sir Richard Francis Burton (d. Oct. 20, 1890), British soldier, geographer and diplomat.  He died of a heart attack at age 69.

1813 ~ David Livingston (d. May 1, 1873), Scottish missionary and explorer.  He is known for exploring Africa to find the source of the Nile River.  He died of malaria and dysentery in what is today known as Zambia.  He was 60 years old.

1590 ~ William Bradford (d. May 9, 1657), English Separatist and politician and 5-term Governor of Plymouth Colony.  The exact date of his birth is unknown, but this is the date generally ascribed to his birth.  He died at age 67.

1488 ~ Johannes Magnus (d. Mar. 22, 1544), Swedish archbishop and theologian.  He was the last functioning Catholic bishop in Sweden.  He died 3 days after his 56^th birthday.

Events that Changed the World:

2003 ~ President George W. Bush (b. 1946) ordered the start of the war in Iraq.

1987 ~ Televanglist Jim Bakker (b. 1940) resigned as head of the PTL Club due to a sex scandal.  Jerry Falwell (1933 ~ 2007) took over control of the program.

1982 ~ Argentinian forces landed on South Georgia Island causing the short-lived Falklands War with the United Kingdom.

1979 ~ The United States House of Representatives began broadcasting its daily business via C-SPAN.

1962 ~ Bob Dylan (b. 1941) released his first album for Columbia Records.  It was a self-titled album.

1944 ~ Nazi forces began the occupation of Hungary.

1941 ~ The 99^th Pursuit Squadron, better known as the Tuskegee Airmen, was activated.  This was the first all-African-American Air Army Corps.

1932 ~ The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Sydney, Australia opened.

1931 ~ Nevada approved of legalized gambling.

1920 ~ The United States Senate rejected approval of the Treaty of Versailles for the second time.  It had initially declined approval of the treaty in November 1919.

1918 ~ The United States Congress established time zones throughout the country and approved the usage of daylight savings time.

1895 ~ The Lumière brothers, Auguste (1862 ~ 1954) and Louis (1864 ~ 1948), recorded their first footage using their patented cinematography.

Good-Byes:

2017 ~ Jimmy Breslin (né James Earle Breslin, b. Oct. 17, 1928), American streetwise columnist who spoke truth to power.  He was the voice of New York City.  In addition to newspaper columns, he wrote novels.  He is best known for his novel .44, a fictionalized account of the Son of Sam murders.  He died of pneumonia at age 88.

2014 ~ Ken Forsse (né Earl Kenneth Forsse, b. Sept. 25, 1936), American inventor who delighted children.  He created the Teddy Ruxpin.  He died of congestive heart failure at age 77.

2014 ~ Fred Waldron Phelps (b. Nov. 13, 1929), American Baptist preacher who embraced hate.  He was the head of the independent Westboro Baptist Church, based in Topeka, Kansas.  He was known for his vehemently anti-gay activism.  He died at age 84.

2014 ~ Lawrence Edward Walsh (b. Jan. 8, 1912), Canadian-born American lawyer and United States Deputy Attorney General.  He was in office during the Eisenhower administration from 1957 to 1960.  He is best known for serving as Independent Counsel to investigate the Iran-Contra affair during the Ronald Reagan administration.  He died at age 102.

2013 ~ Harry Reems (né Herbert Streicher, b. Aug. 27, 1947), American porn pioneer who became a cause Célèbre.  He is best known for his role in Deep Throat.  He died at age 65 of pancreatic cancer.

2008 ~ Paul Scofield (né David Paul Scofield, b. Jan. 21, 1922), British actor.  He died at age 86 of leukemia.

2008 ~ Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (b. Dec. 16, 1917), British science fiction writer.  He is best known for being a co-writer of 2001: A Space Odyssey.  He died at age 90.

2005 ~ John DeLorean (b. Jan. 6, 1925), American engineer and automaker.  He was the founder of the DeLorean Motor Company.  He died at age 80.

1997 ~ Willem de Kooning (b. Apr. 24, 1904), Dutch artist and painter.  He died just over a month before his 93^rd birthday.

1996 ~ Chen Jingrun (b. May 22, 1933), Chinese mathematician.  He died at age 62.

1987 ~ Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7^th duc de Broglie (b. Aug. 15, 1892), French physicist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died at age 94.

1984 ~ Garry Winogrand (b. Jan. 14, 1928), American photographer.  He died at age 56 of gall bladder cancer.

1978 ~ Gaston Julia (b. Feb. 3, 1893), French mathematician.  He died at age 85.

1974 ~ Anne Klein (née Hannah Golofski, b. Aug. 3, 1923), American fashion designer.  She died of breast cancer at age 50.

1955 ~ Mihály Károlyi (b. Mar. 4, 1875), President of Hungary during the short-lived First Hungarian People’s Republic from January 1919 until March 1919.  He died 15 days after his 80^th birthday.

1950 ~ Sir Walter Norman Haworth (b. Mar 19, 1883), British chemist and recipient of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C.  He died of a heart attack on his 67^th birthday.

1950 ~ Edgar Rice Burroughs (b. Sept. 1, 1875), American author best known as the creator of Tarzan.  He died of a heart attack at age 74.

1944 ~ William Hale Thompson (b. May 14, 1869), Mayor of Chicago.  He served for several terms in that office.  He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.  He died at age 74.

1943 ~ Frank Nitti (né Francesco Raffaele Nitto, b. Jan. 27, 1886), Italian-American ganster.  He was known as “The Enforcer.”  He was one of Al Capone’s top henchmen, and became boss after Al Capone’s arrest.  He committed suicide at age 57 at the Chicago Central Rail yard.

1930 ~ Arthur James Balfour, 1^st Earl of Balfour (b. July 25, 1848), Scottish-English politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.  He served as Prime Minister from July 1902 until December 1905.  He is best known for the Balfour Declaration, drafted in 1917, which was a letter recognizing the need for a Jewish state in the Middle East.  He died at age 81.

1721 ~ Pope Clement XI (né Giovanni Frencesco Albani, b. July 23, 1649).  He was Pope from November 1700 until his death 21 years later.  He died at age 71.

1687 ~ René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (b. Nov. 22, 1643), French explorer.  He is best known for his searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River.  He claimed the entire Mississippi River basin for France.  He was murdered by his own men.  He was 43 years old.

1286 ~ Alexander III of Scotland (b. Sept. 4, 1241), King of the Scots.  He became King in July 1249 at age 9 following the death of his father.  He remained King until his death on this date at age 44.

1279 ~ Zhao Bing (b. Feb. 12, 1271), Chinese emperor.  He was the ninth and last Emperor of the Song Dynasty.  He reigned from May 1278 until his death a year later.  He died was killed at age 7.