New Year's Day 2018; January 1

New Year's Day

Birthdays:

1986 ~ Glen Davis, American basketball player.  He played for Louisiana State University while in college; then went on to play for the Boston Celtics.

1956 ~ Christine Legarde, French lawyer and head of the International Monetary Fund.

1953 ~ Gary Johnson, 29^th Governor of New Mexico and Libertarian Party nominee for President in the 2012 and 2016 elections.

1949 ~ Olivia Goldsmith (née Randy Goldfield, d. Jan. 15, 2004), American author.  She died following complications of cosmetic surgery just 2 weeks after her 55^th birthday.

1947 ~ John Corzine, 54^th Governor of New Jersey.

1938 ~ Frank Langella, American actor.

1936 ~ James Sinegal, American businessman and co-founder of Costco.

1935 ~ Bernard Kliban (d. Aug. 12, 1990), American cartoonist.  He signed his work simply B. Kliban.  He died at age 55 of a heart embolism.

1933 ~ Alicia Nash (d. May 23, 2015), Salvadorian-American physicist and engineer.  She was the wife of John Forbes Nash.  She was killed in a car accident along with her husband.  She was 82 years old.

1927 ~ Vernon L. Smith, American economist and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Science.

1923 ~ Daniel E. Gorenstein (d. Aug. 26, 1992), American mathematician.  He died at age 69.

1923 ~ Salamo Arouch (d. Apr. 26, 2009), Greek Sephardic Jew who was a boxer who survived Auschwitz with his boxing skills, which entertained Nazi officers.  His story was portrayed in the 1989 film Triumph of the Spirit.  He died in Tel Aviv at age 86.

1919 ~ Marek Edelman (d. Oct. 2, 2009), Polish-Jewish fighter who helped to lead the Warsaw Ghetto uprising.  After the war, he went to medical school and became a cardiologist.  The exact date of his birth is unknown.  He is believed to have been born in 1919, but possibly as late as 1922.

1919 ~ J. D. Salinger (né Jerome David Salinger, d. Jan. 27, 2010), American reclusive writer best know for his coming-of-age novel, The Catcher in the Rye.  He died 26 days after his 91^st birthday.

1912 ~ Kim Philby (né Harold Adrian Russell Philby, d. May 11, 1988), British spy and Soviet double agent.  He died in Moscow at age 76.

1912 ~ Kim Philby (né Harold Adrian Russell Philby, d. May 11, 1988), British double agent.  He died at age 76 in Moscow, Russia.

1912 ~ Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko (d. Dec. 27, 1995), Russian mathematician.  He died 4 days before his 83^rd birthday.

1911 ~ Hank Greenberg (né Hyman Benjamin Greenberg, d. Sept. 4, 1986), American Jewish baseball who, in 1934, refused to play baseball on Yom Kippur, the one of the holiest day in the Jewish calendar, even though his team, the Detroit Tigers, were in the middle of a pennant race.  He was known at “The Hebrew Hammer” for his batting skills.  He died at age 75.

1905 ~ Stanisław Mazur (d. Nov. 5, 1981), Polish mathematician.  He died at age 76.

1900 ~ Xavier Cugat (né Francisco de Asís Javier Cugat Mingali de Bru y Deulofeu, d. Oct. 27, 1990), Spanish-born musician.  He died at age 90.

1895 ~ J. Edgar Hoover (né John Edgar Hoover, d. May 2, 1972), 1^st Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.  He died at age 77.

1894 ~ Satyendra Nath Bose (d. Feb. 4, 1974), Indian mathematician.  He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics.  He died about a month after his 80^th birthday.

1883 ~ William J. Donovan (d. Feb. 8, 1959), Head of the Office of Strategic Services, precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency.  He is known as the Father of American Intelligence.  He was the subject of the 2015 movie, Bridge of Spies.  He died just over a month after his 76^th birthday.

1879 ~ William Fox (né Wilhelm Fried, d. May 8, 1952), Hungarian-born American film producer and founder of the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theaters.  He died at age 73.

1879 ~ E.M. Forster (né Edward Morgan Forster, d. June 7, 1970), English author, best known for his novels, A Room with a View, to A Passage to India, and Howards End.  He died at age 91.

1878 ~ Agner Krarup Erlang (d. Feb. 3, 1929), Danish mathematician and engineer.  He died a month after his 51^st following abdominal surgery.

1874 ~ Frank Knox (né William Franklin Knox, d. Apr. 28, 1944), 46^th Secretary of the Navy.  He served under President Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II, from July 1940 until April 1944.  He died in office at age 70.

1864 ~ Alfred Stieglitz (d. July 13, 1946), American photographer and husband of Georgia O'Keeffe (1887 ~ 1986).  He died at age 82.

1803 ~ Gugleilmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja (d. Sept. 28, 1869), Italian mathematician.  He died at age 66.

1769 ~ Marie Lachapelle (d. June 28, 1858), British science writer and educator.  She died at age 89.

1752 ~ Betsy Ross (Elizabeth Griscom Ross, d. Jan. 30, 1836), American seamstress who is credited with making the first American Flag, although there is no evidence to support this legend.  She died 29 days after her 84^th birthday.

1750 ~ Frederick Augustus Conrad Mulhenberg (d. June 4, 1801), American minister and politician.  He was the 1^st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.  H subsequently served as the 3^rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.  He died at age 51.

1745 ~ Anthony Wayne (d. Dec. 15, 1796), American Revolutionary War general known as Mad Wayne Anthony.  He died 17 days before his 52^nd birthday of complications of gout.

1735 ~ Paul Revere (d. May 10, 1818), American patriot and silversmith.  The town of Revere, Massachusetts was named in his honor.  He died at age 83.

1548 ~ Giordano Bruno (d. Feb. 17, 1600), Italian friar, mathematician and complogical theorist.  The exact date of his birth is not known, but it is considered to have been on January 1.  He died at age 52.

1516 ~ Margaret Leijonhufvud (d. Aug. 26, 1551), Swedish wife of King Gustav I of Sweden.  She died at age 35.

1449 ~ Lorenzo de’Medici (d. Apr. 8, 1492), Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic.  He died at age 43.

1431 ~ Pope Alexander VI (né Roderic Liançoi I de Borja, d. Aug. 18, 1503).  He was Pope from August 11, 1492 until his death 11 years later.  He died at age 72.

Events that Changed the World:

2017 ~ António Guterres (b. 1949), a Portuguese diplomat, was elected as the 9^th Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2015 ~ Lithuania became the 19^th member of the Eurozone.

2014 ~ Latvia became the 18^th member of the Eurozone.

2012 ~ Kim Jong-un (b. 1983 or 1984), was declared the new Supreme Leader of North Korea.

2011 ~ A bomb exploded at a Coptic church during services in Alexandria, Egypt, killing over 20 worshippers.

2011 ~ Estonia officially adopted the Euro as its currency and became the 17^th country in the Eurozone.

2009 ~ A nightclub fire in Bangkok, Thailand, killed 66 people.

2008 ~ Malta and Cyprus adopted the Euro and became the 14^th and 15^th countries in the Eurozone, respectively.

2007 ~ Bulgaria and Romania officially jointed the European Union.

2007 ~ Ban Ki-moon (b. 1944), from South Korea became the 8^th Secretary General of the United Nations.  He served until December 21, 2016.

1999 ~ The Euro was introduced in 11 member countries in the European Union.  The United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece and Sweden opted out of using the Euro and continued to use their own currency.

1998 ~ The European Central Bank was established.

1997 ~ Kofi Annan (b. 1938), a Ghanaian diplomat, became the 7^th Secretary General of the United Nations.  He served until December 31, 2006.

1995 ~ The World Trade Organization went into effect.

1995 ~ Sweden, Austria and Finland joined the European Union.

1994 ~ The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect.

1993 ~ The Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

1992 ~ Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1922 ~ 2016), Egyptian diplomat, became the Secretary General of the United Nations.  He served until December 31, 1996.

1990 ~ David Dinkins (b. 1927) was sworn in as the first black mayor of New York City.  He served until 1993.

1986 ~ Spain and Portugal joined the European Community.

1985 ~ The Internet’s Domain Name System was created.

1984 ~ The original American Telephone & Telegraph Company was divested of its 22 “Baby” Bell System companies as a result of the 1974 anti-Trust settlement.

1982 ~ Javier Pérez de Cuéllar y de la Guerra (b. 1920), a Peruvian diplomat became the 5^th Secretary-General of the United Nations.  He served until December 31, 1991.

1981 ~ Greece was admitted into the European Community.

1979 ~ Formal diplomatic relations were established between China and the United States.

1973 ~ Denmark, the United Kingdom and Ireland were admitted into the European Community.

1972 ~ Kurt Josef Waldheim (1918 ~ 2007), an Austrian diplomat, became the 4^th Secretary-General of the United Nations.  He served until December 31, 1990.

1971 ~ The prohibition of cigarette advertising on television took effect in the United States.

1965 ~ The People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan was founded in Kabul, Afghanistan.

1962 ~ The United States Navy SEALs (Sea, Air, Land Teams) were established.

1959 ~ Fulgencio Batista (1901 ~ 1973), dictator of Cuba, was overthrown by Fidel Castro’s forces during the Cuban Revolution.

1958 ~ The European Economic Community was first established.

1956 ~ The Sudan became independent from Egypt and the United Kingdom.

1954 ~ NBC made its first coast-to-coast color broadcast when it aired the Tournament of Roses Parade.

1947 ~ The Canadian Citizenship Act of 1946 took effect, thereby giving its British subjects Canadian citizenship.  Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874 ~ 1950) became the first Canadian citizen.

1942 ~ The Declaration by United Nations was signed by 26 nations.  The initial countries were: the Big Four (the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States); the British Commonwealth (Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, and South Africa); the Central American and Caribbean powers (Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama); and the countries in exile (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland and Yuglslavia).

1937 ~ The United Kingdom made safety glass in vehicle windscreens mandatory.

1934 ~ Alcatraz Island became a United States federal prison.  It operated as a high-security prison until its closure in 1963.

1932 ~ The United States Post Office Department issued a set of 12 stamps to commemorate the 200^th birthday of George Washington.

1927 ~ Turkey adopted the Gregorian calendar, thus the country went from December 18, 1926 (as per the Julian calendar) to January 1, 1927.

1912 ~ The Republic of China was established.  Its first president was Sun Yat-sen (1866 ~ 1925).

1908 ~ The Ball in Times Square, New York City was dropped at midnight for the first time; thus starting a tradition to bring the New Year.

1902 ~ The Rose Bowl, the first American college football bowl game, was played in Pasadena, California between Michigan and Stanford.  Michigan was the victor with a final score of 49-0.

1899 ~ Spanish rule ended in Cuba.

1892 ~ Ellis Island began to process immigrants into the United States.  Many European immigrants were processed through Ellis Island until it closed in 1954.

1890 ~ The first Tournament of Roses Parade was held in Pasadena, California.

1890 ~ Eritrea was consolidated into a colony by the Italian government.

1881 ~ Construction on the Panama Canal was begun by Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805 ~ 1894).  The canal as planned by de Lesseps, however, was abandoned and was eventually bought out by the United States.

1877 ~ Queen Victoria (1819 ~ 1901) of the United Kingdom was proclaimed Empress of India.

1873 ~ Japan began using the Gregorian calendar.

1863 ~ The Emancipation Proclamation became effective in the Confederate territory.

1833 ~ The United Kingdom claimed sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.

1808 ~ The importation of slaves into the United States was banned.

1804 ~ French rule in Haiti ended, making Haiti the first black republic and the second independent country in North America (the first being the United States).

1801 ~ Guiseppe Piazzi (1746 ~ 1826) discovered the dwarf planet Ceres.

1801 ~ The legislative union of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland was completed to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

1800 ~ The Dutch East India Company was dissolved.

1788 ~ The first edition of the Times of London was published.

1773 ~ The hymn that became known as Amazing Grace was first used to accompany a sermon lead by John Newton (1725 ~ 1807) in Olney, England.

1772 ~ The world’s first traveler’s cheques, which could be cashed in 90 European cities, went on sale in London, England.

1651 ~ Charles II of England (1630 ~ 1685) was crowned King of Scotland.

1527 ~ Ferdinand I of Austria (1503 ~ 1564) was elected by Croatian nobles to be the King of Croatia.

1515 ~ King Francis I of France (1494 ~ 1547) succeeded to the French throne.

1438 ~ Albert II of Habsburg (1397 ~ 1439) was crowned King of Hungary.

1001 ~ Grand Prince Stephen I (~969-1038) of Hungary was named the first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II (946-1003).  Stephen is known for forcing Hungary into a Christian country.

45 BCE ~ The Julian calendar takes effect for the first time, recognizing that a regular year has 365 days, that can be divided into 12 months, with a leap day added every 4 years.

Good-Byes:

2016 ~ Dale Leon Bumpers (b. Aug. 12, 1925), United States Senator from Arkansas.  He died at age 90.

2015 ~ Donna Douglas (née Doris Ione Smith, b. Sept. 26, 1932), American actress, best known for her role as Elly May Clampett on the Beverly Hillbillies.  She was born and died in Louisiana.  She died of pancreatic cancer at age 82.

2015 ~ Mario Cuomo (b. June 15, 1932), American politician and 52^nd Governor of New York.  He was governor from January 1983 until December 1994.  He was considered the liberal who flirted with a presidential run.  He died at age 82.

2014 ~ Tabby Thomas (né Ernest Joseph Thomas, b. Jan. 5, 1929), American blues musician.  He was born and raised in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where he ran and operated Tabby’s Blues Box.  He died 4 days before his 85^th birthday.

2013 ~ Patti Page (née Clara Ann Fowler, b. Nov. 8, 1927), American 1950s singing sensation who ruled the radio.  She made a 1950 hit of Tennessee Waltz.  She died at age 85.

2012 ~ Yafa Yakoni (b. Dec. 24, 1925), Israeli singer.  She died 8 days after her 86^th birthday.

2011 ~ Louise Reiss (née Louise Marie Zibold, b. Feb. 23, 1920), American medical doctor who inspired an atomic test ban.  She died at age 90.

2010 ~ Jean Carroll (née Celine Zeigman, b. Jan. 7, 1911), American female comic who blazed new trails in stand-up.  She died 6 days before her 99^th birthday.

2009 ~ Claiborne Pell (né Claiborne de Borda Pell, b. Nov. 22, 1918), US Democratic Senator from Rhode Island who was best known as the sponsor of the Pell Grant, which provides financial aid funding to U.S. college students.  He died at age 90.

2005 ~ Shirley Chisholm (née Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm, b. Nov. 30, 1924), American politician.  In 1968, she was the first African-American woman elected to Congress.  In 1972, she became the first black candidate and woman to run for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States.  She died at age 80.

2001 ~ Ray Walston (né Herman Raymond Walston, b. Nov. 2, 1914), American actor best known for his role as the Martian on the television show, My Favorite Martian.  He was born in Laurel, Mississippi.  He died of lupus at age 86.

1995 ~ Eugene Paul Wigner (b. Nov. 17, 1902), Hungarian-born American physicist and mathematician.  He was the recipient of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died at age 92.

1994 ~ Cesar Romero (b. Feb. 15, 1907), American actor.  He died at age 86.

1992 ~ Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (b. Dec. 9, 1906), Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and computer scientist pioneer.  She was the computer scientist who designed COBOL.  In November 2016, she was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.  She died 23 days after her 85^th birthday.

1981 ~ Hephzibah Menuhin (b. May 20, 1920), American concert pianist.  She was the sister of Yehudi Menuhin.  She died at age 60 following a long illness.

1972 ~ Maurice Auguste Chevalier (b. Sept. 12, 1888), French actor and singer.  He is best known for his signature song, Thank Heaven for Little Girls.  He died at age 83.

1958 ~ Edward Weston (b. Mar. 24, 1886), American photographer.  He died at age 71.

1953 ~ Hank Williams (né Hiram King Williams, b. Sept. 17, 1923), American country musician.  He died at age 29 of heart failure exacerbated by drug and alcohol abuse.

1904 ~ Frederick Pabst (b. Mar. 28, 1836), German-born American brewer and founder of the Pabst Brewing Company.  He was 67 years old.

1894 ~ Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (b. Feb. 22, 1857), German physicist.  He proved the existence of electromagnetic waves.  The unit of frequency (cycle per second), known as the Hertz, was named in his honor.  He died of an illness at age 36.

1892 ~ Roswell B. Mason (b. Sept. 19, 1805), 25^th Mayor of Chicago.  He served as Mayor from 1869 until 1971.  The town of Mason, Illinois was named in his honor.  He died at age 86.

1862 ~ Mikhail Vasilyevich Orstrogradsky (b. Sept. 24, 1801), Ukrainian mathematician.  He died at age 60.

1796 ~ Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde (b. Feb. 28, 1735), French mathematician.  He died at age 60.

1782 ~ Johann Christian Bach (b. Sept. 5, 1735), German composer.  He was the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach.  He died at age 46.

1748 ~ Johann Bernoulli (b. Aug. 6, 1667), Swiss mathematician.  He is best known for his contributions to infinitesimal calculus.  He was also the teacher of mathematician Leonhard Euler.  He died at age 80.

1730 ~ Samuel Sewall (b. Mar. 28, 1652), American judge best known for presiding over the Salem witch trials.  He later apologized for his actions in those trials.  He died at age 77.

1631 ~ Thomas Hobson (b. 1544), best known for the person behind the expression “Hobson’s Choice,” which means there is really no choice available.  The exact date of his birth is not known.  Although the exact date of his death is unknown, this is the date ascribed to his death.

1559 ~ King Christian III of Denmark (b. Aug. 12, 1503).  He died at age 55.

1515 ~ King Louis XII of France (b. June 27, 1462).  He was King of France from April 1498 until his death 17 years later.  He died at age 52.  Because he had no sons, he was succeeded to the throne by his cousin, Francis I.

1204 ~ King Haakon III of Norway (b. 1170s).  He was King of Norway from March 1202 until his death on this date 2 years later.  The exact date of his birth is not known.

466 ~ Emperor Qianfei (b. Feb. 25, 449), Chinese emperor of the Liu Song dynasty.  He died at age 16.