Birthdays:
1976 ~ Chester Bennington (né Chester Charles Bennington; d. July 20, 2017), American rock singer who struggled with is demons. He was the frontman for the band Linkin Park. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He died by suicide at age 41 in Palos Verdes Estates, California.
1959 ~ Mary Roach, American science author. She was born in Hanover, New Hampshire.
1958 ~ Holly Hunter, American actress. She was born in Conyers, Georgia.
1957 ~ Spike Lee (né Shelton Jackson Lee), American film director. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia.
1957 ~ Theresa Russell (né Theresa Lynn Paup), American actress. She was born in San Diego, California.
1950 ~ William Hurt (né William McChord Hurt; d. Mar. 13, 2022), American actor who was the reluctant movie star who ruled the 1980s. He starred in such films as Body Heat, The Big Chill, and Kiss of the Spider Woman. He was born in Washington, D.C. He died of prostate cancer 1 week before his 72nd birthday in Portland, Oregon.
1948 ~ Bobby Orr (né Robert Gordon Orr), Canadian professional ice hockey player. He had a long career with the Boston Bruins. He was born in Parry Sound, Ontario, Canada.
1945 ~ Pat Riley (né Patrick James Riley), American professional basketball player and coach. He was born in Rome, New York.
1940 ~ Mary Ellen Mark (d. May 25, 2015), American photojournalist who documented outcasts. She was born in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania. She died at age 75 of a blood disease in Manhattan, New York.
1939 ~ Brian Mulroney (né Martin Brian Mulroney; d. Feb. 29, 2024), Canadian politician. He served as the 18th Prime Minister of Canada, an office he held from September 1984 until June 1993. He was born in Baie-Comeau, Quebec, Canada. He died less than a month before his 85th birthday in Palm Beach, Florida.
1938 ~ Sergei Novikov, Russian mathematician. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1970. He is known for his work in algebraic topology. He was born in Gorky, Soviet Union, now known as Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
1937 ~ Lois Lowry (née Lois Ann Hammersberg), American writer of children’s literature. She was the recipient of the 1990 and 1194 Newbery Medal. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.
1935 ~ Bettye Washington Green (d. June 16, 1995), African-American chemist. She worked at the Dow Chemical Company where she researched latex and polymers. She earned her Ph.D. at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. She was born in Fort Worth, Texas. She died at age 60 in Midland, Michigan.
1935 ~ Ted Bessel (né Howard Weston Bessell, Jr.; d. Oct. 6, 1996), American actor. He is best known for his role as Donald Hollinger from That Girl. He was born in Flushing, New York. He died at age 61 of a ruptured aortic aneurism at age 61.
1934 ~ Willie Brown (né Willie Lewis Brown, Jr.), 41st Mayor of San Francisco. He was the first African-American to hold that Office. He served as Mayor from January 1996 until January 2004. He was born in Mineola, Texas.
1931 ~ Hal Linden (né Harold Lipshitz), American actor. He was born in The Bronx, New York.
1930 ~ Rusty Warren (née Ilene Goldman; d. May 25, 2021), American pioneering comedian who delighted in breaking sexual taboos. She was born in New York, New York. She died at age 91 in Laguna Hills, California.
1928 ~ Fred Rogers (né Fred McFeely Rogers; d. Feb. 27, 2003), American minister and host to a children’s educational TV show. He was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He died of stomach cancer less than a month before his 75th birthday in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
1926 ~ Harold Rosen (d. Jan. 30, 2017), American electrical engineer and satellite pioneer who got the world talking. He was known as the Father of the Communication Satellite. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He died at age 90 of complications of a stroke in Los Angeles, California.
1925 ~ John Ehrlichman (né John Daniel Ehrlichman; d. Feb. 14, 1999), key figure in the events leading to the Watergate scandal that brought down the Nixon administration. He was also the 12th White House Counsel and served during the Nixon Administration. He was born in Tacoma, Washington. He died of complications from diabetes at age 73 in Atlanta, Georgia.
1922 ~ Carl Reiner (d. June 29, 2020), American comedy legend who happily played second fiddle. American film director and comedian. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died at age 98 in Beverly Hills, California.
1921 ~ Alfréd Rényi (d. Feb. 1, 1970), Hungarian mathematician. He is best known for his contributions to probability theory. He was born and died in Budapest, Hungary. He died at age 48.
1920 ~ Ezra Solomon (d. Dec. 9, 2002), American economist. He was born in Rangoon, British Burma. He died of a stroke at age 82 in Stanford, California.
1917 ~ Yigael Yadin (d. June 28, 1984), Israeli archeologist, general and politician. He was born in Jerusalem. He died at age 67 in Hadera, Israel.
1911 ~ Alfonso García Robles (d. Sept. 2, 1991), Mexican diplomat and recipient of the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 80.
1908 ~ Sir Michael Redgrave (né Michael Scudamore Redgrave; d. Mar. 21, 1985), English actor. He died of Parkinson’s disease 1 day after his 77th birthday.
1906 ~ Ozzie Nelson (né Oswald George Nelson; d. June 3, 1975), American bandleader and actor. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. He died of liver cancer at age 69 in Los Angeles, California.
1906 ~ Abe Beame (né Abraham David Beame; d. Feb. 10, 2001), 104th Mayor of New York City. He served as Mayor from January 1974 through December 1977. He was born in London, England. He died at age 94 in New York, New York.
1904 ~ B.F. Skinner (né Burrhus Frederick Skinner; d. Aug. 18, 1990), American psychologist. He was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts at age 86.
1890 ~ Elizabeth Rona (née Erzsébet Róna; d. July 27, 1981), Hungarian-born nuclear chemist. She is best known for her work with radioactive isotopes. She was a nuclear chemist at the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies. She was born in Budapest, Hungary. She emigrated to the United States in 1941 to escape the Nazi regime. She died at age 91 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
1888 ~ Amanda Clement (d. July 20, 1971), American professional baseball player and umpire. She was the first woman to be a paid referee for a baseball game. She was born in Hudson, Dakota Territory. She died at age 83 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
1886 ~ Grace Brown (née Grace Mae Brown; d. July 11, 1906), American factory worker and murder victim who inspired Theodore Dreiser’s novel, An American Tragedy. Her boyfriend, Charles Gillette, killed her after he learned that she was pregnant. She was born in South Otselic, New York. She was drowned at age 20 in Big Moose Lake, New York.
1884 ~ Philipp Frank (d. July 21, 1966), Austrian-American physicist and mathematician. He immigrated to the United States to flee the Nazis. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts at age 82.
1882 ~ René Coty (né Jules Gustave René Coty; d. Nov. 22, 1962), 2nd and last President of Fourth French Republic. He served as President from January 1954 until January 1959. He was born and died in Le Havre, France. He died at age 80.
1879 ~ Maud Menten (née Maud Leonora Menten; d. July 26, 1960), Canadian physician and biochemist. She made significant contributions to the study of enzyme kinetics and histochemistry. She was born in Port Lambton, Ontario, Canada. She died at age 81 in Leamington, Ontario, Canada.
1840 ~ Franz Mertens (d. Mar. 5, 1927), Polish mathematician. He died 15 days before his 87th birthday in Vienna, Austria.
1834 ~ Charles William Eliot (d. Aug. 22, 1926), American mathematician. He was the 21st President of Harvard University. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Northeast Harbor, Maine at age 92.
1828 ~ Henrik Ibsen (né Henrick Johan Ibsen; d. May 23, 1906), Norwegian playwright and poet. He died at age 78 in Oslo, Norway.
1811 ~ Napoleon II (d. July 22, 1832), French emperor. He ruled for less than a month: from June 22, 1815 until July 7, 1815. He was of the House of Bonaparte. He was the son of Napoleon I, Emperor of France and Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma. He died of tuberculosis at age 21.
1770 ~ Friedrich Hölderlin (née Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin; d. June 7, 1843), German poet. He was born in Lauffen am Nackar, Germany. He died at age 73.
1739 ~ Maria Josepha, Duchess of Bavaria (d. May 28, 1767), Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire and 2nd wife of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1741 ~ 1790). They married in 1765. It was not a happy marriage. She was of the House of Wittelsbach. She was the daughter of Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Amalia, Archduchess of Austria. She was Roman Catholic. She died of smallpox at age 28.
1612 ~ Anne Bradstreet (née Anne Dudley; d. Sept. 16, 1672), Puritan American poet. She was born in North Hampton, England. She died in what is now North Andover, Massachusetts, at age 60.
1469 ~ Cecily of York (d. Aug. 24, 1507), English princess. She was married several times. Her first marriage to Ralph Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Masham was annulled. In 1487, she married her second husband, John Welles, 1st Viscount Welles. After he died, she married Sir Thomas Kymbe. She was of the House of York. She was the daughter of Edward IV, King of England and Elizabeth Woodville. She died at age 38.
1263 ~ Yolande of Dreux (d. Aug. 2, 1330), Queen consort of Scotland. Her first husband was Alexander III, King of Scotland. After his death, she married Arthur II, Duke of Brittany. She was of the House of Dreux. She was the daughter of Robert IV, Count of Dreux and Beatrice, Countess of Montfort. The exact date of her birth is unknown but is generally ascribed to March 1263. She is believed to have been about 66 or 67 at the time of her death.
43 BCE ~ Ovid (d. 17), Roman poet. This is the traditional date ascribed to his birth. He is believed to have been about 58 or 60 at the time of his death.
Events that Changed the World:
2015 ~ A Solar eclipse, equinox and a Supermoon all occurred on this date.
2010 ~ The Affordable Care Act took effect in the United States.
2003 ~ The United States began its military invasion of Iraq.
1995 ~ A religious cult launched a sarin nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway system, killing 12 and sickening thousands.
1987 ~ The United States Food and Drug Administration approved use of AZT, and anti-AIDS drug.
1985 ~ Libby Riddles (b. 1956) became the first woman to win the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
1956 ~ Tunisia gained its independence from France.
1952 ~ The United States Senate ratified a peace treaty with Japan following World War II.
1915 ~ Albert Einstein (1879 ~ 1955) published his general theory of relativity.
1896 ~ Chinese Emperor Guangxu (1871 ~ 1908) approved the Qing dynasty post office, marking the beginning of postal service in China.
1861 ~ An earthquake destroyed Mendoza, Argentina.
1854 ~ The Republican Party in the United States was organized in Ripon, Wisconsin.
1852 ~ Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 ~ 1896), was published.
1760 ~ The Great Fire of Boston, Massachusetts destroyed 349 buildings.
1616 ~ Sir Walter Raleigh (1552 ~ 1618) was released from the Tower of London after being imprisoned for 13 years. He had been charged and convicted of treason for his involvement in the plot against Queen Elizabeth’s successor, King James I (1566 ~ 1625).
1602 ~ The Dutch East India Company was established.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Kenny Rogers (né Kenneth Ray Rogers; b. Aug. 21, 1938), American country music singer-songwriter. He was the hitmaker who straddled country and pop. He was born in Houston, Texas. Colbert, Georgia. He died in Colbert, Georgia at age 81.
2012 ~ Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg (b. Oct. 1, 1910), Polish-born Israeli rabbi and scholar. He was born in Ostrov, Poland. He died at age 101 in Jerusalem, Israel.
2016 ~ President Barack Obama (b. 1961) became the first American President to visit Cuba since Calvin Coolidge (1872 ~ 1933) in 1928. The trip was the culmination of a three-year effort to restore economic and diplomatic relations between the two countries.
2010 ~ Stewart Udall (né Stewart Lee Udall; b. Jan. 31, 1920), 37th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from January 1961 until January 1969. He had also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Arizona. He was born in St. Johns, Arizona. He died at age 90 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
2004 ~ Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (née Juliana Louise Emma Marie Whlhelmina; b. Apr. 30, 1909). She reigned as Queen from September 1948 until April 1980, her 61st birthday, when she abdicated the throne in favor or her daughter, Beatrix. She was married to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1911 ~ 2004). They married in 1937. She was of the House of Orange-Nassau. She was the daughter of Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She was of the Dutch Reformed Church. She died at age 94.
1997 ~ Sir V.S. Pritchett (né Victor Sawdon Prichett; b. Dec. 16, 1900), British writer and literary critic. He died of a stroke at age 96 in London, England.
1994 ~ Lewis Grizzard (né Lewis McDonald Grizzard, Jr.; b. Oct. 20, 1946), American humorist. He was born in Fort Benning, Georgia. He died at age 47 of complications following heart surgery in Atlanta, Georgia.
1993 ~ Polykarp Kusch (b. Jan. 26, 1911), German-born American physicist and recipient of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 82 in Dallas, Texas.
1983 ~ Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov (b. Sept. 14, 1891), Russian mathematician. He died at age 91 in Moscow, Russia.
1974 ~ Chet Huntley (né Chester Robert Huntley; b. Dec. 10, 1911), American television journalist. He was born in Cardwell, Montana. He died of lung cancer at age 62 in Big Sky, Montana.
1964 ~ Brendan Francis Behan (né Brendan Francis Aidan Behan; b. Feb. 9, 1923), Irish poet, novelist, and playwright. He was also a volunteer in the Irish Republican Army. He was born and died in Dublin, Ireland at age 41 of complications of alcoholism and diabetes.
1934 ~ Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont (b. Aug. 2, 1858), Queen consort of the Netherlands and second wife of William III, King of the Netherlands. They married in 1879. She was 41 years his junior. She was of the House of Waldeck and Pyrmont. She was the daughter of George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Princess Helena of Nassau. She died at age 75 of bronchitis.
1926 ~ Princess Louise of Sweden (b. Oct. 31, 1851), Queen consort of Denmark and wife of Frederick VIII, King of Denmark (1843 ~ 1912). They married in 1869. They were the parents of Christian X, King of Denmark and Haakon VII, King of Norway. She was of the House of Bernadotte. She was the daughter of Charles XV, King of Sweden and Louise of the Netherlands. She was Lutheran. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden and died at age 74 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1894 ~ Lajos Kossuth (né Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva; b. Sept. 19, 1802), Hungarian statesman and Governor-President of the Kingdom of Hungary. He was born in Monok, Kingdom of Hungary. He died at age 91 in Turin, Kingdom of Italy
1816 ~ Maria I, Queen of Portugal (b. Dec. 17, 1734). She reigned from February 1777 until her death in March 1816. She was also the Queen of Brazil. She was known as Maria the Pious in Portugal and Maria the Mad in Brazil. She married Peter III, King of Portugal (1717 ~ 1798), who was also her uncle. He became king upon their marriage. She was of the House of Braganza. She was the daughter of Joseph I, King of Portugal and Mariana Victoria of Spain. She was Roman Catholic. She died at age 81.
1619 ~ Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (b. Feb. 24, 1557). He reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from June 1612 until March 20, 1619. He also reigned as the King of Bohemia from March 1611 until May 1617. He was married to Anna of Tyrol (1585 ~ 1618). They married in 1611. There were no surviving children of the marriage. He was of the House of Habsburg. He was the son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Archduchess Maria of Austria. He was Roman Catholic. He died about a month after his 62nd birthday.
1617 ~ François d’Aguilon (b. Jan. 4, 1567), Belgian Jesuit priest and mathematician. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. He died at age 50 in Anwerp, Belgium.
1413 ~ Henry IV, King of England (b. Apr. 15, 1367). He was king from September 1399 until his death on this date 13 years later. He was known as Henry Bolingbroke. He was married twice. His first wife was Mary de Bohun. His second wife was Joan of Navarre. He was of the House of Lancaster (Plantagenet). He was the son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster. He died less than a month before 46th birthday.
1190 ~ Pope Clement III (né Paulino Scolari; b. 1130). He was Pope from December 1187 until his death on this date just over 2 years later. The exact date of his birth is unknown.
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