Birthdays:
1981 ~ Zara Phillips (née Zara Anne Elizabeth Philipps), daughter of Anne, Princess Royal and granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II.
1981 ~ Jamie-Lynn Sigler, American actress. She is best known for her role as Meadow Soprano on the television drama The Sopranos.
1978 ~ David Krumholtz, American actor.
1953 ~ Paul Cary (d. Apr. 25, 2020), retired American paramedic from Colorado who traveled to New York City to volunteer in the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. He drove from Denver, Colorado to New York City on March 28, 2020. He died of Covid-19 at age 66 within weeks of arriving in New York.
1953 ~ George Brett (né George Howard Brett), American baseball player and coach.
1951 ~ Frank Wilczek (né Frank Anthony Wilczek), American mathematician and physicist. He was the recipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.
1948 ~ Brian Eno (né Brian Peter George Eno), British musician. He was born in Melton, Suffolk, Great Britain.
1948 ~ Kathleen Sebelius (née Kathleen Gilligan), 21st United States Secretary of Health and Human Services. She served under President Barack Obama during the ill-fated Affordable Health Care Act roll-out. She served in that Office from April 2009 until June 2014. She had also served as the 44th Governor of Kansas, from January 2003 until April 2009.
1940 ~ Roger Ailes (né Roger Eugene Ailes; d. May 18, 2017), American TV news guru who transformed American politics. He was the founder and one-time CEO of Fox News. In 2016, he resigned following allegations that he sexually harassed female employees. He died 3 days after his 77th birthday.
1937 ~ Madeleine Albright (née Marie Jana Korbelová), Czech-born American 64th United States Secretary of State. She was also the first female to hold that position. She served under President William Clinton from January 1997 until January 2001
1936 ~ Paul Zindel, Jr. (d. Mar. 27, 2003), American writer best known for his novel, The Pigman. He died at age 66 of lung cancer.
1935 ~ Burt Shavitz (né Ingram Berg Shavitz, d. July 5, 2015), American beekeeper and bearded hippie who co-founded Burt’s Bees personal care products. He died at age 80 in Bangor, Maine.
1930 ~ Jasper Johns, Jr., American painter and sculptor
1926 ~ Gu Chaohao (d. June 24, 2012), Chinese mathematician. He died at age 86.
1925 ~ Mary F. Lyon (née Mary Frances Lyon, d. Dec. 25, 2014), British geneticist best known for her discovery of X-chromosome inactivation. She died at age 89.
1923 ~ Richard Avedon (d. Oct. 1, 2004), American fashion photographer. He died at age 81.
1920 ~ Michel Audiard (né Paul Michel Audiard; d. July 27, 1985), French film director. He died at age 65.
1918 ~ Eddy Arnold (né Richard Edward Arnold; d. May 8, 2008), country-western musician. He died 1 week before his 90th birthday.
1917 ~ Harry Eisen (d. July 19, 2012), Polish-born Holocaust survivor who immigrated to the United States and purchased Norco to become the egg baron. He died at age 95 on complications from lung disease.
1915 ~ Paul Samuelson (né Paul Anthony Samuelson; d. Dec. 13, 2009), American economist and recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Economic Science. He died in Belmont, Massachusetts at age 94.
1905 ~ Abraham Zapruder (d. Aug. 30, 1970), Ukrainian-born American businessman and clothing manufacturer. He is best known for being the man who filmed the famous Zapruder film showing the assassination of President John Kennedy. He died of stomach cancer at age 65.
1904 ~ Clifton Fadiman (né Clifton Paul Fadiman; d. June 20, 1999), American author and television personality. He died of pancreatic cancer just a month after his 95th birthday.
1903 ~ Maria Reiche (d. June 8, 1998), German mathematician and archeologist. She died of ovarian cancer 3 weeks after her 95th birthday.
1902 ~ Richard J. Daley (né Richard Joseph Daley; d. Dec. 20, 1976), 48th Mayor of Chicago and undisputed and Democratic boss of the city of Chicago. He died of a heart attack at age 74.
1900 ~ Ida Rhodes (née Hadassah Itzkowitz; d. Feb. 1, 1986), Ukrainian-born American mathematician and pioneer in computer programming. She died at age 85.
1891 ~ Makhail Bulgakov (d. Mar. 10. 1940), Russian author best known for his novel The Master and Margarita, which was published posthumously. He died of kidney disease at age 48.
1890 ~ Katherine Anne Porter (née Callie Russell Porter; d. Sept. 18, 1980), American author. She is best known for her novel, Ship of Fools. She died at age 90.
1860 ~ Ellen Wilson (née Ellen Louise Axson; d. Aug. 6, 1914), First Lady of the United States and 1st wife of President Woodrow Wilson. She died at age 54 of Bright’s disease during her husband’s Presidency.
1859 ~ Pierre Curie (d. Apr. 19, 1906), co-discoverer, along with his wife, Marie, of Radium. He was killed in a traffic accident, when he walked out into a street in Paris and was hit by a buggy. He and Marie Curie were the co-recipients of the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was killed in a traffic accident less than a month before his 47thbirthday when he walked out into a street in Paris and was hit by a buggy.
1859 ~ Natalie of Serbia (d. May 8, 1941), Queen consort of Serbia. She was the wife of Milan I of Serbia. She died 7 days before her 82nd birthday.
1857 ~ Williamina Fleming (née Williamina Paton Stevens Stevens; d. May 21, 1911), Scottish-American astronomer and academic. She is best known for her discovery of the Horsehead Nebula. She is also known for discovering the first White Dwarf. She was born in Dundee, Scotland, but emigrated to Boston, Massachusetts at age 21. She died 6 days after her 54th birthday.
1856 ~ L. Frank Baum (né Lyman Frank Baum; d. May 6, 1919), American author, best known for The Wizard of Oz. He died of a stroke 9 days before his 63rd birthday.
1845 ~ Élie Metchnikoff (also known as Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov; d. July 15, 1916), Russian microbiologist and recipient of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in immunology. He is also credited with discovering macrophages. He died at age 71.
1817 ~ Joseph Campbell (né Joseph Albert Campbell; d. Mar. 27, 1900), founder of the Campbell’s Soup Company. He died at age 82.
1810 ~ Jacob Thompson (d. Mar. 24, 1885), 5th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President James Buchanan from March 1857 until Jan. 1861. He resigned is position as Secretary of the Interior to become the Inspector General of the Confederacy. He died at age 74.
1749 ~ Levi Lincoln, Sr. (d. Apr. 14, 1820), 4th United States Attorney General. He served under President Thomas Jefferson from March 1801 until March 1805. He also served as Acting Secretary of State under President Jefferson. He subsequently went on to serve as Governor of Massachusetts from December 1808 until May 1809. He was from Massachusetts. He died in Worcester, Massachusetts a month before his 71st birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2009 ~ GE finally began its government-mandated cleanup of the polluted Hudson River. Between 1947 and 1977, GE had dumped harmful chemicals (PCBs) into the river from its plants in Hudson Falls and Port Edward. In 1984, a 200-mile stretch of the river had been declared a Superfund site. GE fought the EPA until finally beginning the cleanup process
2008 ~ California became the second United States state to legalize same-sex marriage after the California Supreme Court ruled a previous ban on such marriages to be unconstitutional. In 2004, Massachusetts legalized same-sex marriages.
2006 ~ The Cloud Gate, also known as The Bean, was formally dedicated at Chicago’s Millennium Park.
1974 ~ Members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine attacked and Israeli school in Ma’a lot. 115 people were taken hostage, including over 100 school children. 31 people were killed in the massacre, including 22 children.
1972 ~ Alabama Governor George Wallace (1919 ~ 1998) was shot while campaigning in Maryland for the Presidency. He would paralyzed from his injuries and spend the rest of his life in a wheelchair.
1970 ~ President Richard Nixon appointed Anna Mae Hays (1920 ~ 2018) and Elizabeth Hoisington (1918 ~ 2007) as the first female United States Army Generals.
1970 ~ Two students were killed at Jackson State University in Mississippi by police during an anti-Vietnam war student protest.
1963 ~ NASA launched its final Project Mercury mission. Gordon Cooper (1927 ~ 2004) was the astronaut aboard, becoming the first American to spend more than a day in space.
1948 ~ Egypt, Transjordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia invaded Israel, thus beginning the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The war lasted until March 1949.
1942 ~ The bill creating the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) was signed into law.
1942 ~ Gasoline rationing took place in 17 States, mostly along the East Coast.
1940 ~ McDonald’s opened its first restaurant in San Bernardino, California. The initial restaurant was owned and run by two brothers ~ Richard (1909 ~ 1998) and Maurice (1902 ~ 1971) McDonald.
1928 ~ Mickey Mouse made his debut in the cartoon, Plane Crazy.
1911 ~ The United States Supreme Court issued its decision in Standard Oil Company of New York v. United States, where it was held that Standard Oil was an unreasonable monopoly under the Sherman Anti-trust Act.
1905 ~ Las Vegas, Nevada was founded when 110 acres was auctioned off. These areas would later become downtown Las Vegas.
1869 ~ Susan B. Anthony (1820 ~ 1906) and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815 ~ 1902) formed the National Woman Suffrage Association.
1862 ~ President Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865) signed a bill creating the United States Bureau of Agriculture, the precursor to the United States Department of Agriculture.
1817 ~ The first private mental health hospital in the United States opened in Philadelphia.
1755 ~ Laredo, Texas was founded.
1730 ~ Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1676 ~ 1745) became the de facto first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1718 ~ James Puckle (1677 ~ 1724) patented the first working machine gun in England.
1567 ~ Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 ~ 1587), married her third husband, James Hepburn, 4th Earle of Bothwell (1534 ~ 1578).
1536 ~ Anne Boleyn (1501 ~ 1531), Queen consort of England, was forced to stand trial on charges of treason, adultery and incest. She was ultimately found guilty and condemned to death. She would be executed 4 days later on May 19, 1536.
Good-Byes:
2015 ~ Elisabeth Bing (née Elisabeth Dorothea Koenigsberger; b. July 8, 1914), German physical therapist and natural-birth campaigner who popularized Lamaze. She was known as the Mother of Lamaze. She was 100 years old.
2013 ~ Thomas M. Messer (né Thomas Maria Messer; b. Feb. 9, 1920), Czech-American museum director who tended the Guggenheim Foundation. He died at age 93.
2012 ~ Carlos Fuentes (né Carlos Fuentes Macías; b. Nov. 11, 1928), Mexican author. He died at age 83.
2010 ~ Moshe Greenberg (b. July 10, 1928), American-Israeli scholar and rabbi. He died at age 81.
2009 ~ Wayman Tisdale (né Wayman Lawrence Tisdale; b. June 9, 1964), American NBA basketball player who became a guitarist. He died of cancer three weeks before his 45th birthday.
2008 ~ Willis Lamb, Jr. (né Willis Eugene Lamb, Jr.; b. July 12, 1913), American physicist and recipient of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 94.
2007 ~ Jerry Falwell (né Jerry Lamon Falwell; b. Aug. 11, 1933), Evangelical preacher and conservative activist. He was the cofounder of the Moral Majority. He died of sudden cardiac arrest at age 73.
2003 ~ June Carter Cash (née Valerie June Carter; b. June 23, 1929), American country singer and wife of Johnny Cash. She died at age 73 of complications following heart-valve replacement surgery.
1991 ~ Andreas Floer (b. Aug. 23, 1956), German mathematician. He died by suicide at age 34.
1986 ~ Theodore H. White (né Theodore Harold White; b. May 6, 1915), American historian and writer. He died of a stroke one week after his 73rd birthday.
1978 ~ Sir Robert Menzies (né Robert Gordon Menzies; b. Dec. 20, 1894), Prime Minister of Australia. He served for 2 for two terms from 1939 to 1941 and 1949 to 1966. He died of a heart attack at age 83.
1971 ~ Donald F. Duncan, Sr. (b. June 6, 1892), American toymaker and founder of the Duncan Toys Company. He was killed in a car accident 22 days before his 79th birthday.
1967 ~ Opal Kunz (né Opal Logan Gilberson; b. Nov. 6, 1894), American aviator and chief organizer of the Betsy Ross Air Corps, an organization of pre-World War II female pilots. She was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts. She died at age 72.
1967 ~ Edward Hopper (b. July 22, 1882), American realist painter. He died at age 84.
1948 ~ Monsignor Edward J. Flanagan (né Edward Joseph Flanagan, b. July 13, 1886), American Catholic priest and founder of Boys Town. He died of a heart attack at age 61.
1924 ~ Paul-Henri-Benjamin d’Estournelles de Constant (b. Nov. 22, 1852), French diplomat and recipient of the 1909 Nobel Peace Prize. He was an advocate of international arbitration. He died at age 71.
1914 ~ Ida Freund (b. Apr. 15, 1863), Austrian chemist and educator. In 1881, she moved to England. She was the first woman to teach chemistry at a university in England. She was known for baking a set of periodic table cupcakes as a teaching aids. She died a month after her 51st birthday following surgery.
1886 ~ Emily Dickinson (née Emily Elizabeth Dickinson; b. Dec. 10, 1830), American poet. She was born and died in Amherst, Massachusetts. She died at age 55.
1852 ~ Louisa Johnson Adams (née Louisa Catherina Johnson; b. Feb. 12, 1775), First Lady of the United States and wife of President John Quincy Adams. She died at age 77.
1786 ~ Eva Ekeblad (née Eva De la Gardie; b. July 10, 1724), Swedish noblewoman and agronomist. She is best known for discovering a method to make alcohol and flour from potatoes. She was the first woman member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. She died at age 61.
1157 ~ Yuri Dolgorukiy (b. 1099), Russian prince and founder of Moscow. The date of his birth is unknown. He is believed to have been about 57 or 58 at the time of his death.
926 ~ Zhuang Zong (b. Dec. 2, 885), Chinese emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty. He died at age 40.
884 ~ Pope Marinus I. He is sometimes referred to as Pope Martin I. He was pope from December 882 until his death in May 884. The date of his birth is unknown.
392 ~ Valentinian II (b. 371), Roman Emperor. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He ruled over the Roman Empire from November 375 until his death 12 years later.
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