Birthdays:
2012~ Princess Athena of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat.
1974~ Ed Helms (né Edward Parker Helms), American actor.
1968~ Mary Lou Retton, American gymnast.
1961~ Nastassja Kinski (née Nastassja Aglaia Nakszynski), German-born actress.
1949~ John Belushi (né John Adam Belushi; d. Mar. 5, 1982), American actor and comedian. He died of a drug overdose at age 33.
1947~ Warren Zevon (né Warren William Zevon, d. Sept. 7, 2003), American musician. He is best known for his song, Werewolves of London. He died of cancer at age 56.
1943~ Sharon Tate (née Sharon Marie Tate, d. Aug. 9, 1969), American actress and wife of Roman Polanski. She was murdered by Charles Manson and his gang. Killed along with her were Abigail Folger (b. 1943) the coffee heiress, Wojciech Frykowski (b. 1936), a Polish writer, Jay Sebring (b. 1933), and Steven Parent (b. 1951). At the time of her death, she was pregnant. She was 26 years old at the time of her murder.
1941~ Aaron Neville (né Aaron Joseph Neville), American musician. He is from New Orleans, Louisiana.
1941~ Dan Shechtman, Israeli chemist and recipient of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of quasiperiodic crystals.
1939~ Ray Stevens (né Harold Ray Ragsdale), American singer-songwriter known for his comic renditions of songs.
1931~ Lars Hörmander (né Lars Valter Hörmander; d. Nov. 25, 2012), Swedish mathematician. He died at age 81.
1925~ Maria Tallchief (né Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief, d. Apr. 11, 2013), Native American dancer hailed as America’s prima ballerina. She was a member of the Osage Nation. She broke her hip in December 2012 and died from complications from that injury. She was 88 years old.
1918~ Oral Roberts (né Granville Oral Roberts, d. Dec. 15, 2009), American televangelist and founder of Oral Roberts University. He died of pneumonia at age 91.
1917~ Ernest Borgnine (né Ermes Effron Borgnino, d. July 8, 2012), American actor whose tough guy act lasted 60 years. He died at age 95.
1916~ Sam Maloof (né Samuel Solomon Maloof, d. May 21, 2009), American woodworker and furniture maker. His family were Lebanese Jewish immigrants. He died at age 93.
1915~ Robert Motherwell (d. July 16, 1991), American painter. He died at age 76.
1888~ Ernst Hienkel (d. Jan. 30, 1958), German aviation engineer. He was a member of the Nazi party. He died 6 days after his 70th birthday.
1862~ Edith Wharton (née Edith Newbold Jones, d. Aug. 11, 1937), American novelist. She is best known for her novel, The Age of Innocence, for which she won the 1921 Pulitzer. She died at age 75.
1814~ John Colenso (né John William Colenso; d. June 20, 1883), British mathematician, theologian and Biblical scholar. He died at age 69.
1779~ Tsarina Elizabeth Alexeievna (née Princess Louise Marie Auguste of Baden, d. May 16, 1826), Empress consort of Russia and German wife of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. She was of the House of Zähringen. She died at age 47.
1776~ E.T.A. Hofmann (né Ernst Theodor Wilhelm (Amadeus) Hoffmann, d. June 25, 1882), German writer. He is best known as the author of the novella, The Nutcracker and the Mouse King, which became the basis of The Nutcracker. He was also the subject of Jacques Offenbach’s opera, The Tales of Hoffmann. He died at age 46.
1746~ King Gustav III of Sweden (d. Mar. 29, 1792). He reigned Sweden from February 1771 until his assassination in March 1792. He had been shot in the back 13 days earlier at a masquerade ball at Stockholm’s Royal Opera. He was married to Sophia Magdalena of Denmark. He was succeeded by King Gustav IV Adolf. He died at age 46.
1712~ King Frederick II, (d. Aug. 17, 1786), Prussian king also known as Frederick the Great. He was married to Elizabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern. He died at age 74.
76~ Hadrian (d. July 10, 138), the date ascribed to the birth of the Roman Emperor. He was buried in Rome next to his wife, Vibia Sabina (83 ~ 137). He died at age 62.
Events that Changed the World:
2010~ The New Orleans Saints won the NFC football championship, thus becoming one of the teams to play in the Super Bowl in Miami. The Saints defeated the Minnesota Vikings in a score of 31 to 28.
2003~ The United States Department of Homeland Security officially began operation. Tom Ridge (b. 1945) was its first head.
1984~ The first Apple Macintosh went on sale.
1966~ Indira Gandhi (1917 ~ 1984) began her first term as Prime Minister of India.
1946~ The United Nations General Assembly passed its first resolution to establish the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission.
1939~ A severe earthquake struck Chillán, Chile. An estimated 28,000 people were killed.
1933~ The 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, which changed the beginning and end date of terms for all elected federal offices.
1918~ The Gregorian calendar was introduced in Russia by decree of the Council of People’s Commissars, effective February 14.
1916~ The United States Supreme Court issued its ruling in Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, in which it found the federal income tax was constitutional. Chief Justice Edward Douglass White (1845 ~ 1921) issued the ruling.
1908~ Lord Robert Baden-Powell (1857 ~ 1941) organized the first Boy Scout troop in England.
1862~ Bucharest was proclaimed as the capital of Romania.
1848~ James Marshall (1810 ~ 1885) discovered gold at Sutter’s Mill near Sacramento, California, which lead to the California gold rush of 1849.
1742~ Charles VII Albert (1697 ~ 1745) became the Holy Roman Emperor.
1679~ King Charles II (1630 ~ 1685) of England dissolved the Cavalier Parliament.
1328~ The marriage of King Edward III (1312 ~ 1377) of England to 12-year-old Philippa of Hainault (1314 ~ 1369) was celebrated.
Good-Byes:
2015~ Joe Franklin (né Joseph Fortgang, b. Mar. 9, 1926), American radio and television talk show host who bantered 300,000 guests. He died at age 88 of prostate cancer.
2010~ Pernell Roberts (né Pernell Elven Roberts, Jr., b. May 18, 1928), American Bonanzaactor who hated his signature role. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 81.
2010~ Robert Mosbacher, Sr. (né Robert Adam Moshbacher; b. Mar. 11, 1927), 25th United States Secretary of Commerce. He served under President George H.W. Bush. He held that position from January 1989 until January 1992. He died of pancreatic at age 82.
2009~ Sandra Kay Yow (b. Mar. 14, 1942), American women’s basketball coach who championed her sport. She died of breast cancer at age 66.
2006~ Chris Penn (né Christopher Shannon Penn; b. Oct. 10, 1965), American actor. He died of cardiomyopathy at age 40.
2003~ Bobbi Trout (née Evelyn Trout; b. Jan. 7, 1906), American pioneering aviator. She was the first woman to set the record for the first non-stop refueling endurance. She died 17 days after her 97th birthday.
1993~ Thurgood Marshall (b. July 2, 1908), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was appointed to the High Court by President Lyndon Johnson. He replaced Justice Tom C. Clark on the High Court. He served on the Court from October 1967 until his retirement in 1991. He died at age 84.
1989~ Ted Bundy (né Theodore Robert Cowell, b. Nov. 24, 1946), American serial killer. He is believed to have killed over 30 women. He was born in Burlington, Vermont. He was executed at age 42.
1988~ Werner Fenchel (né Moritz Werner Fenchel; b. May 3, 1905), German-born Dutch mathematician. He left Germany to escape the Nazi suppression of intellectuals. He died at age 82.
1986~ L. Ron Hubbard (né Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, b. Mar. 13, 1911), American founder of the Church of Scientology. He died of a stroke at age 74.
1975~ Larry Fine (néLouis Feinberg, b. Oct. 5, 1902), American actor and comedian. He was one of the original Three Stooges. He died of a stroke at age 72.
1971~ William Griffith “Bill” Wilson (b. Nov. 26, 1895), American co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous. His organization is often called Friends of Bill W. He was born in East Dorset, Vermont. He died at age 75.
1965~ Sir Winston Churchill (né Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, b. Nov. 30, 1874), British statesman and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II. He was also the recipient of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died exactly 70 years after the death of his father, Lord Rudolph Churchill. Winston was 90 years old at the time of his death.
1962~ Stanley Lord (né Stanley Phillip Lord; b. Sept. 13, 1877), captain of the SS Californian, a ship in the area, the night the Titanic hit an iceberg. He died at age 84.
1939~ Maximilian Bircher-Benner (b. Aug. 22, 1867), Swiss physician and creator of Muesli. He died at age 71.
1935~ John Payne (né John Barton Payne; b. Jan. 26, 1855), 27th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Woodrow Wilson from March 1920 until March 1921. He died 2 days before his 80th birthday.
1930~ Rebecca Latimer Felton (née Rebecca Ann Latimer, b. June 10, 1835), American politician. She was the first woman to serve in the United States Senate, although she only served for one day. She was a slave owner and a white supremacist from Georgia who often spoke in favor of lynching. She died at age 94.
1924~ Anna Bayerová (b. Nov. 4, 1853), Czech physician. She was one of the first practicing physicians in her country. She died at age 70.
1921~ Susan Jane Cunningham (b. Mar. 23, 1842), American mathematician. She was instrumental in founding Swarthmore College. She died of heart failure at age 78.
1920~ Amedeo Modigliani (né Amedeo Clemente Modigliani, b. July 12, 1884), Italian painter and sculptor. He died of tubercular meningitis at age 35.
1895~ Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (b. Feb. 13, 1849), British statesman. He was the father of Winston Churchill. Interestingly, Winston died exactly 70 years after the death of his father. Lord Randolph died 20 days after his 45th birthday.
1882~ Levi Boone (né Levi Day Boone; b. Dec. 6, 1808), 17th Mayor of Chicago. He was a member of the Know-Nothing Party. He served as Mayor from 1855 until 1856. He did at age 73.
1856~ Rabbi Rechezkel of Kuzmir (b. 1775), Polish Hasidic leader.
1595~ Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (b. June 14, 1529). He reigned over Further Austria from June 1564 until his death on January 1595. He died at age 65.
1336~ Alfonso IV (b. Nov. 2, 1299), King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica. He was also known as Alfonso the Kind. He ruled as King from November 1327 until his death 9 years later. He was of the House of Barcelona. He was married twice, first to Teresa d’Entença, and then to Eleanor of Castile. He was succeeded by his son Peter IV. He died at age 36.
817~ Pope Stephen IV (b. 770). He was Pope from June 816 until his death 7 months later. The exact date of his birth is not known.
41~ Caligula (b. Aug. 31, 12), a Roman Emperor known for his cruel despotism. He was assassinated by his Praetorian Guards, who then proclaimed Claudius, Caligula’s uncle, as Emperor. Caligula was about 28 years old at the time of his death.
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