Birthdays:
1962~ Manute Bol (d. June 19, 2010), Sudanese basketball player. At 7 ft 7 in, he was one of the tallest NBA basketball players. He died of kidney failure at age 47.
1958~ Tim Robbins (néTimothy Francis Robbins), American actor and film director.
1931~ Charles Colson (né Charles Wendell Colson; d. Apr. 21, 2012), American attorney. He served as the Director of the Office of Public Liaison during the Nixon administration. He is best known as being the “hatchet man” during the Watergate scandal. He pled guilty of obstruction of justice and spent several months in federal prison, where he became an evangelist. He died of a brain hemorrhage at age 80.
1928~ Mary Daly (d. Jan. 3, 2010), American radical feminist lesbian philosopher and scholar who barred men from her classes. She taught at Boston College. She died at age 81.
1927~ Günter Grass (né Günter Wilhelm Grass; d. Apr. 13, 2015), German author and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is best known for his first novel The Tin Drum, published in 1959. His works examined the ugly side of Germany’s past. In 2006, Grass acknowledged his past as a member of the Waffen SS during World War II. He died at age 87.
1925~ Dame Angela Lansbury (née Angela Brigid Lansbury), English-American actress. She played Jessica Fletcher on the long-running television series, Murder, She Wrote.
1918~ Abraham Nemeth (d. Oct. 2, 2013), American mathematician. He was blind and is best known for developing a system allowing blind people to read and write mathematics. He died less than 2 weeks before his 95th birthday.
1916~ Louise Day Hicks (née Anna Louise Day; d. Oct. 21, 2003), American politician. She served in the United States House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts. She died 5 days after her 87th birthday.
1898~ William O. Douglas (né William Orville Douglas; d. Jan. 19, 1980), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Franklin Roosevelt. He served on the Court from April 1939 until November 1975. He died at age 81.
1890~ Michael Collins (d. Aug. 22, 1922), Irish revolutionary. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Irish Free State. He was killed during an Anti-Treaty ambush during the Irish Civil War. He was 31 at the time of his death.
1890~ Paul Strand (d. Mar. 31, 1976), American photographer. He died at age 85.
1888~ Eugene O’Neill (né Eugene Gladstone O’Neill; d. Nov. 27, 1953), American playwright and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 65.
1886~ David Ben-Gurion (né David Grün, d. Dec. 1, 1973), 1st and 3rd Prime Minister of Israel. He first served from May 1948 until January 1954. His second term ran from November 1955 through June 1963. He died at age 87.
1863~ Sir Austen Chamberlain (né Joseph Austen Chamberlain; d. Mar. 17, 1937), English politician and recipient of the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the half brother of British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain. He died at age 73.
1854~ Oscar Wilde (Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde, d. Nov. 30, 1900), Irish author and playwright. He died at age 46.
1831~ Lucy Stanton (d. Feb. 18, 1910), African-American abolitionist and activist for woman’s rights. She was the first African-American woman to graduate a four-year college or university. She died at age 78.
1815~ Francis Lubbock (né Francis Richard Lubbock, d. June 22, 1905), 9th Governor of Texas. He served as Governor from November 1861 until November 1863. He died at age 89.
1806~ William P. Fessenden (né William Pitt Fessenden, d. Sept. 8, 1869), 26th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He served under President Abraham Lincoln. He served as Treasurer from July 1864 until March 1865. He had previously served as a United States Senator from Maine. He was born in Boscawen, New Hampshire and died at age 62 in Portland, Maine.
1762~ Paul Hamilton (d. June 30, 1816), 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy. He was appointed to the position by President James Madison. He served in that Office from May 1809 until January 1813. He died at age 53.
1758~ Noah Webster, Jr. (d. May 28, 1758), American writer and lexicographer. He was the creator of the dictionary that bears his name. He was born and died in Connecticut. He died at age 84.
1754~ Morgan Lewis (d. Apr. 7, 1844), 3rd Governor of New York. He served as Governor from July 1804 until June 1807. He died at age 89.
1689~ Robert Smith (d. Feb. 2, 1768) English mathematician and musical theorist. He is believed to have been born in October 1689. He died at age 78.
1678~ Anna Waser (d. Sept. 20, 1714), Swiss painter. She died 26 days before her 36th birthday as a result of injuries sustained in a fall.
1430~ King James II of Scotland (d. Aug. 3, 1460). He was King of Scots from February 1437 until his death at age 29 in August 1460. He was killed when a cannon that he was standing near exploded.
Events that Changed the World:
2016~ Sukkot began at sunset.
2002~ The Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Alexandria, Egypt, which commemorated the ancient and lost Library of Alexandria, was officially inaugurated.
1984~ South African Desmond Tutu (b. 1931) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1978~ Polish Wanda Rutkiewicz (1943 ~ 1992) became the first European woman to reach the top of Mount Everest.
1978~ Pope John Paul II (né Karol Wojtyla, 1920 ~ 2005) was elected Pope.
1973~ German-American Henry Kissinger (b. 1923) and Vietnamese Lê Ðúc Thǫ (1911 ~ 1990) were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1968~ Yasunari Kawabata (1899 ~ 1972) became the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1968~ The Olympic Committee suspended track and field athletes Tommy Smith (b. 1944) and John Carlos (b. 1945) for giving the “Black Power” salute during the victory celebration at the Mexico City Olympic games. Their actions were deemed politicizing the Games.
1964~ China detonated its first nuclear weapon.
1943~ The Raid of the Ghetto of Rome occurred when the Gestapo deported over 1,000 Jews to Auschwitz. Only 16 of the Roman Jews from this raid survived the Holocaust.
1940~ The Warsaw Ghetto was established during the Holocaust.
1923~ Walt (1901 ~ 1966) and Roy Disney (1893 ~ 1971) founded the Walt Disney Company.
1916~ Margaret Sanger (1879 ~ 1966) opened the first family planning clinic in the United States. It was in Brooklyn, New York.
1875~ The Brigham Young University was founded in Provo, Utah.
1859~ John Brown (1800 ~ 1859) led a raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.
1847~ Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë (1816 ~ 1855) was first published.
1846~ William Morton (1819 ~ 1868) first demonstrated the use of ether anesthesia in the Ether Dome at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
1834~ Much of the ancient structure of Westminster Palace in London burned to the ground.
1793~ Marie Antoinette (1755 ~ 1793) was guillotined during the French Revolution.
1384~ Jadwiga (1373 ~ 1399) was crowned King of Poland even though she was a woman.
690~ Empress Wu Zetian (624 ~ 705) ascended to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaimed herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.
Good-Byes:
2012~ Eddie Yost (né Edward Frederick Joseph Yost, b. Oct. 13, 1926), American baseball player and coach. He died 3 days after his 86th birthday.
2010~ Barbara Billingsley (née Barbara Lillian Combes, b. Dec. 22, 1915), American actress. She is best known for her role as June Cleaver on Leave It to Beaver. She died at age 94.
2007~ Deborah Kerr (née Deborah Jane Kerr-Trimmer, b. Sept. 30, 1921), Scottish actress who was a proper leading lady. She is best remembered for the kiss scene with Burt Lancaster in From Here to Eternity. She died 17 days after her 86th birthday.
2004~ Pierre Salinger (né Pierre Emil George Salinger, b. June 14, 1925), American journalist. He also served as 11th White House Press Secretary under Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson from January 1961 until March 1964. He died of heart failure at age 79.
1999~ Jean Shepherd (né Jean Parker Shepherd, Jr., b. July 26, 1921), American radio host. He is best known for the 1983 movie, A Christmas Story. He died at age 78.
1997~ James Michener (né James Albert Michener; b. Feb. 3, 1907), American novelist best known for writing long historical sagas. He died at age 90.
1992~ Shirley Booth (née Marjory Ford; b. Aug. 30, 1898), American actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Hazel on the sit-com of the same name. She died in North Chatham, Massachusetts at age 94.
1981~ Moshe Dayan (b. May 20, 1915), Israeli general. He died of a massive heart attack at age 66.
1972~ Hale Boggs (né Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr., b. Feb. 15, 1914), American politician from New Orleans, Louisiana. He is presumed to have died on this date, but he was not officially declared dead until January 1973. He was in a small aircraft that disappeared in rural Alaska. He was 58 years old at the time of his disappearance. He was the father of journalist and correspondent Cokie Roberts.
1959~ George Marshall (né George Catlett Marshall, Jr.; b. Dec. 31, 1880), 50th Secretary of State and author of the Marshall Plan. He was the recipient of the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for being the architect of the Marshall Plan, the rebuilding of Europe following World War II. He was the Secretary of State under President Harry S Truman, from January 1947 until January 1949. He subsequently served as the 3rd United States Secretary of Defense, also during the Truman administration. He died at age 78.
1906~ Varina Anne Banks Davis (née Varina Anne Banks Howell; b. May 7, 1826), First Lady of the Confederate States of American and second wife of Confederate President Jefferson Davis. She died at age 80.
1888~ John Wentworth (b. Mar. 5, 1815), Mayor of Chicago. He served two non-consecutive terms as Mayor of Chicago. He was born in Sandwich, New Hampshire. He died at age 73.
1881~ Louis A. Wiltz (b. Jan. 21, 1843), 29th Governor of Louisiana. He served as Governor for only a year and 10 months ~ from January 1880 until October 1881. He died in office at age 38 of tuberculosis. He was born and died in New Orleans.
1810~ Rabbi Nachman of Breslov (b. Apr. 4, 1772), Ukrainian Jewish religious leader and founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement. He died at age 38.
1793~ Marie Antoinette (b. Nov. 2, 1755), Austrian wife of King Louis XVI of France. She was guillotined during the French Revolution. She was executed less than 3 weeks before her 38th birthday.
1791~ Prince Grigory Potemkin (b. Oct. 11, 1739), Russian statesman and military leader. This is the ascribed date of his birth in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Potemkin had a Russian battleship named after him. Potemkin is also the name of an early silent film. It has a great scene in which a baby carriage rolls down the Odessa Steps. He died 5 days after his 52nd birthday.
1730~ Antoine Laumet de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac (b. Mar. 5, 1658), French explorer and founder of Detroit, Michigan. His explorations took him from eastern Canada to Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico. He was the third French Governor of Louisiana. He died at age 72.
1655~ Joseph Solomon Delmedigo (b. June 16, 1591), Greek-Italian physician, rabbi, music theorist and mathematician. He died at age 64.
1591~ Pope Gregory XIV (né Niccolò Sfondrato, b. Feb. 11, 1535). He was Pope from December 1590 until his death 10 months later. He died at age 56.
1553~ Lucas Cranach the Elder (b. 1472), German painter. He died at age 81. The exact date of his birth is unknown.
1333~ Antipope Nicholas V (né Pietro Rainalducci, b. 1260). The exact date of his birth is unknown.
385~ Fú Jiān (b. 337), Chinese Emperor of the Great Qin. He died at age 47. The exact date of his birth is not known.
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