October 13

Birthdays:

1971~ Sacha Baron Cohen, English comedian.

1960~ Ari Fleischer (né Lawrence Ari Fleischer), 24^th White House Press Secretary.  He served under President George W. Bush from January 2001 until July 2003.

1959~ Marie Osmond (née Olive Marie Osmond), American singer.

1952~ Beverly Johnson (née Beverly Ann Johnson), African-American model.

1950~ Mollie Katzen, American vegetarian chef and cookbook author.

1947~ Avi Lerner (né Avinoam Lerner), Israeli-American film producer

1947~ Sammy Hagar (né Samuel Roy Hagar), American musician and guitarist.

1943~ Mike Barnicle (né Michael Barnicle), American journalist.  He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts.

1941~ Paul Simon (né Paul Frederic Simon), American singer and songwriter.  He sang with Art Garfunkel in the duo, Simon and Garfunkel.

1926~ Eddie Yost (né Edward Frederick Joseph Yost, d. Oct. 16, 2012), American baseball player and coach.  He died 3 days after his 86^th birthday.

1925~ Lenny Bruce (né Leonard Alfred Schneider, b. Aug. 3, 1966), American comedian. He died at age 40 of a drug overdose.

1925~ Margaret Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (d. Apr. 8, 2013), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II.  She was known as the Iron Lady who remade Britain.  She died at age 87.

1924~ Roberto Eduardo Viola (d. Sept. 30, 1994), Argentine general, President of Argentina and military dictator.  He served in the Office of President from March 1981 until December 1981.  He died 14 days before his 70^th birthday.

1893~ Kurt Reidemeister (né Kurt Werner Friedrich Reidemeister; d. July 8, 1971), German mathematician.  He died at age 77.

1890~ Conrad Richter (né Conrad Michael Richter; d. Oct. 30, 1968), American writer and short-story author.  He died of a heart attack 16 days after his 78^th birthday.

1872~ L.L. Bean (né Leon Leonwood Bean; d. Feb. 5, 1967), American inventor, author, outdoor enthusiast and founder of L.L. Bean’s Sporting Goods Store.  He was born in Greenwood, Maine.  He died at age 94.

1853~ Lillie Langtry (née Emilie Charlotte Le Breton, d. Feb. 12, 1929), British singer and actress.  She was born in Island of Jersey and was known as the Jersey Lily.  She died at age 75.

1776~ Peter Barlow (d. Mar. 1, 1862), English mathematician.  He died at age 85.

1453~ Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. May 4, 1471), son of King Henry VI and only heir apparent.  He died in battle at age 17.

1161~ Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile (d. Oct. 31, 1214).  She was the daughter of King Henry II of England.  She died 13 days after her 53^rd birthday.

467~ Emperor Xiaowen (d. Apr. 26, 499), Chinese Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He ruled from September 471 until his death in April 499.  He died at age 31.

Events that Changed the World:

2010~ The Copiapó mining accident in Copiapó, Chile ended and all 33 miners trapped were safely brought to the surface of the earth.  They had been trapped underground for 69 days.

2006~ Nearly a half a million people lost power when Buffalo, New York and the surrounding area was buried under 24 inches of snow.  This snow storm occurred on Friday the 13^th.

1989~ The stock market fell 6.91 percent.  At the time, it was the second-worst day in market history.  This event occurred on Friday the 13^th.

1976~ The first electron micrograph of an Ebola virus was observed.

1976~ A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashed in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.  97 children on the ground were killed.

1972~ Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571, headed from Uruguay to Chile, crashed in the Andes between Argentina and Chile.  Of the 45 people aboard, only 16 survived.  Many of the passengers were part of the Uruguayan soccer team.  This event occurred on Friday the 13^th. The story of the survivors was told in the book, Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors, by Piers Paul Read.

1958~ The first Paddington Bearbook was published.  The name of the book was A Bear Called Paddington by Michael Bond (1936 ~ 2017).

1946~ France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic.

1923~ Ankara replaced Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.

1914~ The Boston Braves defeated the Philadelphia Athletics at Boston’s Fenway Park, in 4 games thereby winning the World Series in the first sweep.

1903~ The Boston Americans (later to be known as the Boston Red Sox) beat the Pittsburg Pirates in game 8 of the first modern baseball World Series in a score of 5-3.

1885~ The Georgia Institute of Technology was founded in Atlanta, Georgia.

1884~ Greenwich in London England was established as the Universal Time meridian of longitude.

1843~ B’nai Brith was formed in New York City.  It is the oldest non-denominational Jewish services organization in the world.

1792~ The cornerstone for the Executive Mansion was laid.  During the Theodore Roosevelt administration, the mansion would officially become known as the White House.

1775~ The United States Continental Congress ordered the establishment of the Continental Navy, later to become the United States Navy.

1773~ Charles Messier (1730 ~ 1817) discovered the Whirlpool Galaxy.

1582~ Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this date does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain, the first countries to implement the new calendar.  Thus, October 4, 1582 was immediately followed by October 15, 1582.

1307~ The French rounded up thousands of Knights Templars and tortured them as heretics. This date was on Friday the 13^th.

Good-Byes:

2016~ Dario Fo (b. Mar. 24, 1926), Italian writer and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature.  He died at age 90.

2000~ Al Martino (né Alfred Cini, b. Oct. 7, 1927), American chart-topping crooner who sang in The Godfather.  He died 6 days after his 82^nd birthday.

2008~ Lefty Rosenthal (né Frank Lawrence Rosenthal, b. June 12, 1929), American Las Vegas gambler who survived a car bombing.  He was a professional sports better and organized crime associate.  In 1982, he survived an assassination attempt when a car bomb detonated when he started his Cadillac.  He was the inspiration for Martin Scorsese’s film, Casino.  He died of a heart attack at age 79.

2003~ Bertram Brockhouse (né Bertram Neville Brockhouse, b. July 15, 2003), Canadian physicist and recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died at age 85.

2002~ Stephen Ambrose (né Stephen Edward Ambrose; b. Jan. 10, 1936), American historian.  He was a history professor at the University of New Orleans.  He died of lung cancer at age 66.

1990~ Lê Ðúc Thǫ (b. Oct. 14, 1911), Vietnamese general and politician and recipient of the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize along with Henry Kissinger.  Thǫ declined the prize because they were unable to agree to a peace treaty.  Thǫ died one day before his 79^th birthday.

1987~ Walter H. Brattain (né Walter Houser Brattain; b. Feb. 10, 1902), American physicist and recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the transistor.  He died at age 85.

1974~ Ed Sullivan (né Edward Vincent Sullivan, b. Sept. 28, 1901), American television show host.  He died of esophageal cancer 15 days after his 73^rd birthday.

1955~ Manuel Ávila Camacho (b. Apr. 24, 1897), President of Mexico.  He served as President from December 1940 until November 1946.  He died at age 58.

1945~ Milton S. Hershey (né Milton Snavely Hershey, b. Sept. 13, 1857), American confectioner and founder of the Hershey Chocolate Company.  He died a month after his 88^th birthday.

1938~ E.C. Segar (né Elzie Crisier Segar, b. Dec. 8, 1894), American cartoonist and creator of Popeye.  He died of leukemia at age 43.

1928~ Maria Fyodorovna (b. Nov. 26, 1847), Danish wife of Tsar Alexander III of Russia. She died at age 80.

1919~ Karl Adolph Gjellerup (b. June 2, 1857), Danish writer and recipient of the 1917 Nobel Prize in Literature.  He died at age 62.

1890~ Samuel Freeman Miller (b. Apr. 5, 1816), Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.  He was nominated to the High Court by President Abraham Lincoln.  He was in office from July 1862 until his death 28 years later.  He was 74 years old at the time of his death.

1825~ Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (b. May 27, 1756), King of Bavaria.  He was king from January 1806 until his death in October 1825.  He died at age 69.

1795~ William Prescott (b. Feb. 20, 1726), American Revolutionary War colonel who was instrumental in the Battle of Bunker Hill.  He is credited with saying: “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.”  He was born and died in Massachusetts.  He died at age 69.

982~ Jing Zong (b. Sept. 1, 948), 5^th Chinese emperor of the Liao Dunasty.  He died at age 34.

54~ The traditional date ascribed to the death of Roman Emperor Claudius (b. Aug. 1, 10 BCE), Roman Emperor.  He was poisoned under mysterious circumstances and his 17-year old stepson, Nero, succeeded him as emperor.  Claudius is believed to have been about 63 at the time of his death.