Birthdays:
2003~ Quvenzhané Wallis, American actress from Houma, Louisiana. She starred in the film, Beasts of the Southern Wild when she was 5 years old.
1986~ Galid Shalit, Israeli soldier who was abducted by Hamas in June 2006 and held for over 5 years until he was released as part of a prisoner exchange in October 2011.
1957~ Daniel Stern (né Daniel Jacob Stern), American actor. He is best known for his role as Shrevie in the movie Diner.
1943~ Lou Piniella (né Louis Victor Piniella), American baseball player and manager.
1940~ Gloria Leonard (née Gale Sandra Klinetsky, d. Feb. 3, 2014), American porn star who became a publisher of High Society, a pornographic magazine. She was also a pioneer in telephone sex. She died of a stroke at age 73.
1940~ William Cohen (né William Sebastian Cohen), American politician and United States Senator from Maine. He was the 20th Secretary of Defense from 1997 until 2000, during the Clinton administration. He was born in Bangor, Maine.
1939~ Sir John Kingman (né John Frank Charles Kingman), British mathematician.
1931~ Ed Pauls (né Edward Arthur Pauls, d. Oct. 9, 2011), American inventor of the Nordic Track. He was 80 years old.
1930~ Ben Gazzara (né Biagio Anthony Gazzarra, d. Feb. 3, 2012), American actor. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 81.
1921~ Nancy Kulp (d. Feb. 3, 1991), American actress best known for her role as Miss Jane on the Beverly Hillbillies. She died of cancer at age 69.
1919~ Sir Godfrey Hounsfield (né Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, d. Aug. 12, 2004), English electrical engineer and inventor. He was the recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died 2 weeks before his 85th birthday.
1919~ Ben Agajanian (né Benjamin James Agajanian, d. Feb. 8, 2018), American “Toeless Wonder” who became an NFL Kicker. In 1941, he suffered a gruesome injury when his right foot was caught in an elevator, damaging his toes beyond repair. Despite his injury, he was still able to kick a football. He died at age 98.
1915~ Tasha Tudor (d. June 18, 2008), American author and illustrator. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Marlboro, Vermont. She was 92 years old.
1911~ Joseph Luns (né Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns, d. July 17, 2002), Dutch politician and 5th Secretary General of NATO. He died at age 90.
1910~ Tjalling Koopmans (né Tjalling Charles Koopmans, d. Feb. 26, 1985), Dutch-American mathematician and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Economic Science. He died in New Haven, Connecticut at age 74.
1903~ Bruno Bettelheim (d. Mar. 13, 1990), Austrian-born American psychiatrist. He died at age 86.
1878~ George Whipple (né George Hoyt Whipple, d. Feb. 1, 1976), American pathologist and recipient of the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in liver therapy. He was born in Ashland, New Hampshire. He died at age 97.
1831~ Lucy Webb Hayes (née Lucy Ware Webb, d. June 25, 1883), First Lady of the United States. She was the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes. She was known as Lemonade Lucy due to the fact that alcohol was banned from the White House during the Hayes administration. She instituted the Easter Egg Roll on the White House lawn. She died of a stroke at age 57.
1827~ Grand Duchess Catherine Makhailovna of Russia (d. May 12, 1894). She died at age 66.
1801~ Antoine Augustin Cournot (d. Mar. 31, 1877), French mathematician. He died at age 75.
1774~ Elizabeth Ann Seton (née Elizabeth Ann Bayley, d. Jan. 4, 1821), American Catholic nun and American saint. She was canonized as a saint in 1975. She died at age 46 of tuberculosis.
1749~ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (d. Mar. 22, 1832), German writer and politician. He died at age 82.
1728~ John Stark (d. May 8, 1822), General during the American Revolutionary War. He was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire. A road in Dover, New Hampshire is named after him. He died in Derryfield, New Hampshire at age 93.
Events that Changed the World:
2012~ The Republican National Convention was held in Tampa Bay, Florida.
1996~ Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales, were divorced. They had been separated for 4 years. They were married on July 29, 1981.
1968~ The Democratic National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois and was interrupted by riots.
1964~ The Philadelphia race riots began. The riots went on for two days.
1963~ Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929 ~ 1968), gave his I Have a Dream speech in Washington, D.C.
1957~ Senator Strom Thurmond (1902 ~ 2003) began a filibuster to prevent the Senate from voting on the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Senator Thurmond spoke non-stop for 24 hours and 18 minutes.
1955~ Emmett Till (1941 ~ 1955) African-American who was brutally lynched and murdered in Mississippi, sparking a turning point in the American Civil Rights Movement. He was lynched after a white woman claimed he had offended her.
1937~ Toyota Motors became an independent company.
1916~ During World War I, Germany declared war on Romania. Italy declared war on Germany.
1898~ Caleb Bradham (1867 ~ 1934), invented the soft drink that eventually became known as Pepsi-Cola.
1867~ The United States took possession of the previously uninhabited Midway Atoll.
1845~ Scientific American magazine began publication.
1789~ Astronomer William Herschel (1738 ~ 1822) discovered a new moon of Saturn that would be named Enceladus.
1619~ Ferdinand II (1578 ~ 1637) was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1609~ Henry Hudson (1565 ~ 1611) discovered the Delaware Bay.
1521~ The Ottoman Turks began occupation of Belgrade, Serbia.
Good-Byes:
2014~ John A. Walker, Jr. (né John Anthony Walker, Jr., b. July 28, 1937), American Navy officer who lead a family spy ring. He was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union from 1968 until 1985. He died in prison a month after his 77th birthday.
2013~ Manson Whitlock (b. Feb. 21, 1917), American repairman who cherished typewriters. He died at age 96.
2012~ Eva Figes (née Eva Unger, b. Apr. 15, 1932), German-born Jewish feminist author who escaped Nazi Germany. She died at age 80.
2006~ Melvin Schwartz (b. Nov. 2, 1932), American physicist and recipient of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died of Parkinson’s Disease at age 73.
2005~ George Szekeres (b. May 29, 1911), Hungarian mathematician and husband of Esther Szekeres (1910 ~ 2005). He died within hours of his wife. He was 94 years old.
2005~ Esther Szekeres (née Esther Klein, b. Feb. 20, 1910), Hungarian mathematician and wife of George Szekeres (1911 ~ 2005). She and her husband died within hours of each other. She was 95 years old.
1987~ John Huston (né John Marcellus Huston, b. Aug. 5, 1906), American director and father of actress Angelica Huston. He died in Rhode Island 23 days after his 81st birthday.
1985~ Ruth Gordon (née Ruth Gordon Jones, b. Oct. 30, 1896), American actress, best known for her role as Maude in the 1971 cult film Harold and Maude. She was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She died in Edgartown, Massachusetts at age 88.
1984~ Muhammad Naguib (b. Feb. 20, 1901), Egyptian general and 1st President of Egypt. He served as President from June 1953 until November 1954He died at age 83.
1978~ Bruce Catton (né Charles Bruce Catton, b. Oct. 9, 1899), American historian whose focus was the American Civil War. He died of a respiratory illness at age 78.
1971~ Reuvein Margolies (b. Nov. 30, 1889), Hungarian-born Israeli author and Talmudic scholar. He died at age 81.
1965~ Guilio Racah (b. Feb. 9, 1909), Italian-born Israeli physicist and mathematician. He died at age 56 of asphyxiated of an apparent faulty heater.
1955~ Emmett Till (né Emmitt Louis Till, b. July 25, 1941), African-American teenager who was lynched and murdered in Mississippi, thereby galvanizing the American Civil Rights Movement. He was 14 years old.
1943~ Boris III of Bulgaria (b. Jan. 30, 1894), Tsar of Bulgaria from October 1918 until his death on this date 25 years later. He is best known for taking steps to protect the Jews of Bulgaria during World War II. He died of a heart attack at age 49.
1915~ John Davis Long (b. Oct. 27, 1838), 34th United States Secretary of the Navy. He served under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt from March 1897 until Apr. 1902. He had previously served as the 32nd Governor of Massachusetts from January 1880 until January 1883. He was born in Buckfield, Maine and died in Hingham, Massachusetts. He was 76 years old at the time of his death.
1903~ Frederick Law Olmsted (b. Apr. 26, 1822), American landscape architect, best known for his planning and designing of Central Park in New York City. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut and died at age 81 in Belmont, Massachusetts.
1784~ Junípero Serra (b. Nov. 24, 1713), Franciscan missionary who, in 1769, explored the California coast and founded the first mission in present-day San Diego de Alcala, California. He died at age 70.
1665~ Elisabetta Sirani (b. Jan. 8, 1638), Italian painter and printmaker. She established an academy for other women artists. She died under mysterious circumstances at age 27.
1582~ Taichang (d. Sept. 26, 1620), 15th Chinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He was emperor for only a month, from August 28 until his death on September 26, 1620. He died a month after his 38th birthday.
1231~ Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Denmark (b. 1211), Portuguese infant. She married Vlademar the Young of Denmark. The exact date of her birth is not known. She died in childbirth at age 19 or 20.
1055~ Emperor Xingzong of Liao (b. Apr. 3, 1016), 7th Chinese Emperor of the Liao Dynasty. He died at age 39.
430~ Saint Augustine of Hippo (b. Nov. 13, 354), early Christian theologian. He died at age 75.
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