Birthdays:
1994 ~ Dakota Fanning (née Hannah Dakota Fanning), American actress. She was born in Conyers, Georgia.
1983 ~ Aziz Ansari (né Aziz Ismail Ansari), American comedian. He is best known for his role as Tom Haverford on the television sit-com Parks and Recreation. In 2018, he was involved in an incident characterized as sexual misconduct. He was born in Columbia, South Carolina.
1983 ~ Emily Blunt (née Emily Olivia Leah Blunt), English actress. She is married to actor John Krasinski. They married in 2010. She was born in London, England.
1970 ~ Niecy Nash (née Carol Denise Ensley), American actress. She was born in Palmdale, California.
1965 ~ Michael Dell (né Michael Saul Dell), American businessman and founder of Dell computers. He was born in Houston, Texas.
1960 ~ Naruhito, Emperor of Japan. He became the Emperor in May 2019 upon the abdication of his father. He is married to Masako Owada (b. 1963). They married in 1993. He was born in Tokyo, Japan.
1951 ~ Debbie Friedman (née Deborah Lynn Friedman; d. Jan. 9, 2011), American songwriter of Jewish religious music and songs. She was born in Utica, New York. She died of pneumonia at age 59 in Mission Viejo, California.
1951 ~ Shigefumi Mori, Japanese mathematician. He is known for his work in algebraic geometry. He was the recipient of the 1990 Fields Medal. He was born in Nagoya, Japan.
1951 ~ Patricia Richardson (née Patricia Castle Richardson), American actress. She is best known for her role as Jill Taylor on the television sit-com Home Improvement. She was born in Bethesda, Maryland.
1950 ~ Rebecca Goldstein (née Rebecca Newberger), American philosopher and author. She wrote Betraying Spinoza. She was born in White Plains, New York.
1944 ~ Johnny Winter (né John Dawson Winter, III; d. July 16, 2014), American guitarist who rocked the Texas blues. His younger brother is musician Edgar Winter. He was born in Beaumont, Texas. He died at age 70 in Zurich, Switzerland while on tour.
1940 ~ Peter Fonda (né Peter Henry Fonda; d. Aug. 16, 2019), America actor and son of Henry Fonda. He was the Hollywood rebel who made Easy Rider. He was also well known for his role in Ulee’s Gold. He was the father of actress Bridget Fonda. He was born in New York, New York. He died of lung cancer at age 79 in Los Angeles, California.
1939 ~ Keith Fowler (née Keith Franklin Fowler; d. Dec. 30, 2023), American actor, director, educator, and Shakespeare scholar. He taught drama at the Claire Trevor School of the Arts at the University of California, Irvine. He was born in San Francisco, California. He died at age 84.
1924 ~ Allan McLeod Cormack (d. May 7, 1998), South African physicist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on X-ray computer tomography. He was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. He died of cancer at age 74 in Winchester, Massachusetts.
1923 ~ Rafael Addiego Bruno (d. Feb. 20, 2014), President of Uruguay. He was born in Salto, Uruguay. He died 3 days before his 91st birthday in Montevideo, Uruguay.
1920 ~ Russell Dunham (d. Apr. 6, 2009), American sergeant during World War II who won the Medal of Honor. He was born in East Carondelet, Illinois. He died at age 89 in Godfrey, Illinois.
1920 ~ Louise Reiss (née Louise Marie Zibold; d. Jan. 1, 2011), American medical doctor who inspired an atomic test ban. She coordinated what became known as the Baby Tooth Survey, in which deciduous teeth from children living in the St. Louis, Missouri area were collected and analyzed for levels of strontium-90. Children born in 1963 had much higher levels (50 times higher) of the isotope than children born in 1950, before widespread nuclear weapons began to be tested. She was born in Queens, New York. She died at age 90 in Pinecrest, Florida.
1915 ~ Paul Tibbets (né Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr.; d. Nov. 1, 2007), American general in the United States Air Force best known for being the pilot of the Enola Gay, which dropped the atomic bomb over Hiroshima during World War II. He was born in Quincy, Illinois. He died at age 92 in Columbus, Ohio.
1889 ~ János Garay (d. Mar. 5, 1945), Hungarian fencer. He was a gold medalist in the 1928 Summer Olympics in fencing. He was murdered in the Mauthausen-Guesen concentration camp during the Holocaust. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. He was killed 10 days after his 56th birthday. He was one of over 437,000 Jews deported from Hungary after the 1944 occupation of Germany.
1889 ~ John Gilbert Winant (d. Nov. 3, 1947), 60th Governor of New Hampshire. He served two, non-consecutive terms in office. He first served from January 1, 1925 through January 6. 1927. His second term ran from January 1, 1931, through January 3, 1935. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 58 from a self-inflicted gunshot to the head in Concord, New Hampshire.
1874 ~ Konstantin Päts (d. Jan. 18, 1956), 1st President of Estonia. He served as president from April 1938 until July 1940. He died at age 81.
1868 ~ W.E.B. Du Bois (né William Edward Burghardt Du Bois; d. Aug. 27, 1963), African-American historian, sociologist and political activist. He was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He died at age 95 in Accra, Ghana.
1850 ~ César Ritz (d. Oct. 24, 1918), Swiss hotelier and founder of the Ritz London Hotel and the Hôtel Ritz Paris. He died at age 68.
1821 ~ Amos T. Akerman (né Amos Tappan Akerman; d. Dec. 21, 1880), 31st United States Attorney General. He served during Ulysses S. Grant administration from November 1870 until December 1871. During the American Civil War, he joined the Confederate Army and rose to the rank of Colonel. He later became an outspoken advocate for African American civil rights. As United States Attorney General, he actively prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan. He was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He died at age 59 in Cartersville, Georgia.
1744 ~ Mayer Rothschild (né Mayer Amschel Rothschild; d. Sept. 19, 1812), German-born banker. He was the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. He was born and died in Frankfort, Holy Roman Empire. He died at age 68.
1680 ~ Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville (d. Mar. 7, 1767), French colonizer and colonial Governor of Louisiana. He was born in Montreal, New France. He died 2 weeks after his 87th birthday in Paris, France.
1648 ~ Arabella Churchill (d. May 30, 1730), English mistress of James II, King of England and mother of 4 of his children, all of whom had the surname of FitzJames. She died at age 82.
1633 ~ Samuel Pepys (d. May 26, 1703), English naval administrator, civil servant and diarist. He is best known for his diary, which provided a first-hand account of life in the 1700s. He was born in London, England. He died at age 70.
1583~ Jean-Baptiste Morin (d. Nov. 6, 1656). French mathematician and astronomer. He died at age 73.
1443 ~ Matthias Corvinus (d. Apr. 6, 1490), Hungarian king. He reigned as King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 until his death 32 years later. He was married three times. His first wife was Elizabeth of Celje (1441 ~ 1455). They were married as young children. She died before the marriage was consummated. His second wife was Princess Catherine of Poděbrady (1449 ~ 1464). She and her baby died in childbirth. His third wife was Princess Beatrice of Naples (1457 ~ 1508). He was her first husband. He was of the House of Hunyadi. He was the son of John Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 47, possibly of poisoning.
1417 ~ Pope Paul II (né Pietro Barbo, d. July 26, 1471). He was Pope from August 1464 until his death of a heart attack 7 years later. He was the nephew of Pope Eugene IV. He died at age 54.
Events that Changed the World:
2014 ~ The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia held its closing ceremony.
1998 ~ Osama bin Laden (1957 ~ 2001) published a fatwa declaring a jihad against all Jews, Europeans, and Americans.
1998 ~ Numerous tornadoes in central Florida destroyed over 2,500 structures and killed 42 people.
1980 ~ The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902 ~ 1989) of Iran decreed that Iran’s parliament would decide the fate of the American hostages who had been seized from the American embassy.
1954 ~ The first mass inoculations of children against polio with the Salk vaccine began.
1941 ~ Chemist Dr. Glenn Seaborg (1912 ~ 1999) first produced and isolated plutonium.
1934 ~ Prince Leopold (1901 ~ 1983) became Leopold III, King of Belgium.
1927 ~ President Calvin Coolidge (1872 ~ 1933) signed a bill establishing the Federal Radio Commission (later replaced by the Federal Communications Commission), to regulate the use of radio frequencies in the United States.
1917 ~ The beginning of the February Revolution in Russia began with demonstrations in St. Petersburg. This date corresponds the March 8 in the Gregorian calendar.
1905 ~ The Rotary Club, a humanitarian service club, was formed.
1903 ~ Cuba leased Guantánamo Bay to the United States “in perpetuity.”
1898 ~ French writer Émile Zola (1940 ~ 1902) was imprisoned in France after writing J’accuse, a letter that accused the French government of antisemitism and the wrongful imprisonment of Captain Alfred Dreyfus (1859 ~ 1935), in what has become known as the Dreyfus Affair. Zola had charged with, and convicted of, criminal libel.
1896 ~ The Tootsie Roll was invented.
1887 ~ The French Riviera was hit by a massive earthquake. Approximately 2,000 people were killed.
1886 ~ Charles Martin Hall (1863 ~ 1914) and his sister Julia Brainerd Hall (1859 ~ 1926), invented an inexpensive method for producing man-made aluminum. He would go on to be one of the co-founders of the Alcoa company.
1883 ~ Alabama became the first State in the Union to enact anti-trust laws.
1870 ~ Mississippi was readmitted into the United States of America following the American Civil War.
1847 ~ At the Battle of Buena Vista during the Mexican-American War, American troops under the leadership of General Zachary Taylor (1784 ~ 1850), defeated Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794 ~ 1876).
1836 ~ The Battle of the Alamo began in San Antonio, Texas. The battle lasted for 13 days, until March 6, 1836.
1554 ~ Mapuche force were victorious over the Spanish at the Battle of Marihueña in Chile.
1455 ~ The traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first book printed with movable type. The Gutenberg Bible was published in Mainz, Germany.
532 ~ Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (482 ~ 565) ordered the building of a new Orthodox Christian Basilica in Constantinople. It became the Hagia Sophia, which still stands today.
Good-Byes:
2019 ~ Katherine Helmond (née Katherine Marie Helmond; b. July 5, 1929), American actress who played very modest matriarchs. She is best known for her role as Jessica Tate on Soap. She was born in Galveston, Texas. She died at age 89 in Los Angeles, California.
2018 ~ Lewis Gilbert (b. Mar. 6, 1920), British versatile film director who helmed Bond and Alfie. He directed over 40 films during his six-decade career. He was born in London, England. He died 11 days before his 98th birthday in Monaco.
2017 ~ Alan Colmes (né Alan Samuel Colmes; d. Sept. 24, 1950), American radio host who became Fox News’ liberal voice. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He died of lymphoma at age 66 in Manhattan, New York.
2014 ~ Alice Herz-Sommer (b. Nov. 26, 1903), Czech-born pianist whose spirit survived the Holocaust. She was interned at the Theresienstadt concentration camp. She was born in Prague. She died at age 110 in London, England.
2013 ~ Paul C.P. McIlhenny (b. Mar. 19, 1944), American businessman from Avery Island, Louisiana whose family owned the McIlhenny Tabasco Sauce company. He was born in Houston, Texas. He died in New Orleans, Louisiana less than a month before his 69th birthday.
1995 ~ James Herriot (né James Alfred Wight, b. Oct. 3, 1916), English veterinarian and author. He is best known for his autobiographical books of stories of his experience as a country veterinarian, such as All Creatures Great and Small. He died of prostate cancer at age 78.
1984 ~ Jessamyn West (née Mary Jessamyn West; b. July 18, 1902), American writer. She was born in Vernon, Indiana. She died at age 81 in Napa County, California.
1973 ~ Dickinson W. Richards (né Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr.; b. Oct. 30, 1895), American physician and recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of the cardiac catheterization. He was born in Orange, New Jersey. He died at age 77 in Lakeville, Connecticut.
1965 ~ Stan Laurel (né Arthur Stanley Jefferson; b. June 16, 1890), British actor and comedian, who, along with Oliver Hardy formed a comedy team most famous for their “Who’s on First?” routine. He was born in England. He died of a heart attack at age 74 in Santa Monica, California.
1948 ~ John Robert Gregg (b. June 17, 1867), Irish-born American educator, publisher and inventor of the Gregg shorthand system. He was born in Monaghan, Ireland. He died at age 80 in New York, New York.
1945 ~ Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (b. Jan. 10, 1883), Russian journalist and author. His research in the investigation of the atrocities committed in the Stavropol region was recognized by prosecutors during the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war crimes. He died at age 62 in Moscow, USSR.
1944 ~ Leo Hendrick Baekeland (né Leo Henricus Arthur Baekland; b. Nov. 14, 1863), Belgian-American chemist and inventor. He was the inventor of Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic. He was born in Ghent, Belgium. He died at age 80 in Beacon, New York.
1934 ~ Sir Edward Elgar, 1st Baronet (né Edward William Elgar; b. June 2, 1857), English composer, best known for Pomp and Circumstance. He died at age 76.
1933 ~ David Horsley (b. Mar. 11, 1873), English-born American pioneer in the film industry and co-founder of Universal Studios. He died 16 days before his 60th birthday in Los Angeles, California.
1931 ~ Dame Nellie Melba (née Helen Porter Mitchell; b. May 19, 1861), Australian soprano opera singer and actress. She took the pseudonym “Melba” from her hometown of Melbourne, Australia. She died at age 69.
1922 ~ Albert Victor Bäcklund (b. Jan. 11, 1845), Swedish mathematician. He died at age 77 in Lund, Sweden.
1914 ~ Henry M. Teller (né Henry Moore Teller; b. May 23, 1830), 15th United States Secretary of the Interior. He served under President Chester A. Arthur from April 1882 until March 1885. He also served as a United States Senator from Colorado, first from November 1876 until he became Secretary of the Interior, and again from March 1885 until March 1903. He was born in Granger, New York. He died at age 83 in Denver, Colorado.
1855 ~ Carl Friedrich Gauss (né Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss; b. Apr. 30, 1777), German mathematician. He died at age 77.
1848 ~ John Quincy Adams (b. July 11, 1767), 6th President of the United States. He was President from March 1825 until March 1829. He had previously served as the 8th United States Secretary of State during the James Monroe administration from September 1817 until March 1825. Following his term as President, he became a member of the House of Representatives where he served for 17 years until his death. He was born in Braintree, Massachusetts. He died of a stroke at age 80 in Washington, D.C., while delivering a speech on the House floor.
1821 ~ John Keats (b. Oct. 31, 1795), English poet. He was bornin London, England. He died of tuberculosis at age 25 in Rome, Italy.
1792 ~ Sir Joshua Reynolds (b. July 16, 1723), English painter. He specialized in portraits. He died at age 68 in London, England.
1766 ~ Stanisław I, King of Poland (b. Oct. 20, 1677). He ruled over Poland twice; first from July 1740 until July 1709 and second from September 1733 until January 1736. He was married to Catherine Opalińska (1680 ~ 1747). They married in 1698. He was of the House of Leszczyński. He was the son of Rafał Leszczyński and Princess Anna Jabłonowska. He was Roman Catholic. He died at age 88.
1679 ~ Anne Conway (née Anne Finch; b. Dec. 14, 1631), English philosopher and author. She was married to Edward Conway, 1st Earl of Conway and is also known as Viscountess Conway. She died at age 47.
1603 ~ François Vietè, Seigneur de la Bigotière (b. Dec. 13, 1540), French mathematician and lawyer. His work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been born on December 1540, making him about 62 or 63 at the time of his death.
1464 ~ Emperor Yingzong of Ming (b. Nov. 29, 1427), Chinese Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ruled from February 1435 until he was forced to abdicate in favor of his brother in September 1449. A few years later, he deposed his brother and took over the empire reigning from February 1457 until his death 7 years later. He died at age 36.
1447 ~ Humphrey of Lancaster, Duke of Gloucester (b. Oct. 3, 1390), English prince and member of the British royal family. He was married twice. His first wife was Jacqueline of Hainaut (1401 ~ 1436). They married in 1422. After this marriage was annulled, he married Eleanor Cobham (1400 ~ 1452). This marriage was also annulled. He was of the House of Lancaster. He was the fourth and youngest son of Henry IV, King of England and Mary de Bohun. He died at age 56.
1447 ~ Pope Eugene IV (né Gabriele Condulmer; b. 1383). He was Pope from March 1431 until his death 16 years later. He is known for creating the edict that established the legal basis for the creation of Jewish ghettos. He was the nephew of Pope Gregory XII. He was born in Venice, Italy. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been 64 at the time of his death.
1270 ~ Isabelle of France (b. Mar. 1225), member of the French royal family. She became a nun and is now known as St. Isabelle of France. She was of the House of Capet. She was the daughter of Louis VIII, King of France and Blanche of Castile. The exact date of her birth is not known, but she is believed to have been 45 at the time of her death.
1100 ~ Emperor Zhezong (b. Jan. 4, 1077), Chinese Emperor of the Song dynasty. He ruled from April 1085 until his death 15 years later. He died at age 24.
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