Birthdays:
1963 ~ Quentin Tarantino (né Quentin Jerome Tarantino), American film director. He was born in Knoxville, Tennessee.
1952 ~ Maria Schneider (née Maria-Hélène Schneider; d. Feb. 3, 2011), French actress best known for her role in The Last Tango in Paris. She was the vulnerable actress who tangoed with Marlon Brando. She was born and died in Paris, France. She died of breast cancer at age 58.
1944 ~ Jesse Brown (d. Aug. 15, 2002), 2nd United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He served under Bill Clinton from January 1993 until July 1997. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died of Lou Gehrig’s disease at age 58 in Warrenton, Virginia.
1942 ~ Sir John Sulston (né John Edward Sulston; d. Mar. 6, 2018), British chemist and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He died of stomach cancer 21 days before his 76th birthday.
1942 ~ Michael York (né Michael Hugh Johnson), English actor. He is best known for his role of Tybalt in the 1968 film Romeo and Juliet. He was born in Fulmer, Buckinghamshire, England.
1940 ~ Austin Pendleton (né Austin Campbell Pendleton), American actor and playwright. He was born in Warren, Ohio.
1934 ~ Arthur Mitchell (d. Sept. 19, 2018), American ballet dancer who broke ballet’s color barrier. He was the first African-American dancer with the New York City Ballet. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 84 in Manhattan, New York.
1931 ~ David Janssen (né David Harold Meyer; d. Feb. 13, 1980), American actor best known for his role as Richard Kimble in The Fugitive. He was born in Naponee, Nebraska. He died of a heart attack at age 48 in Malibu, California.
1927 ~ Anthony Lewis (né Joseph Anthony Lewis; d. Mar. 25, 2013), American journalist and author of Gideon’s Trumpet. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He died of a heart attack 2 days before his 86th birthday in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1926 ~ Frank O’Hara (né Francis Russell O’Hara; d. July 25, 1966), American author. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died in Mastic Beach, New York at age 40 from injuries sustained after having been hit by a motor vehicle.
1924 ~ Sarah Vaughan (née Sarah Lois Vaughan; d. Apr. 3, 1990), African-American jazz singer. She was born in Newark, New Jersey. She died of lung cancer a week after her 66th birthday in Hidden Hills, California.
1924 ~ Margaret K. Butler (d. Mar. 8, 2013), American mathematician and computer programmer. She was the first female fellow at the American Nuclear society and director of the National Energy Software Center at Argonne, where she worked from 1972 until 1991. She was born in Evansville, Indiana. She died 19 days before her 89th birthday in La Grange Park, Illinois.
1923 ~ Louis Simpson (né Louis Aston Marantz Simpson; d. Sept. 14, 2012), American poet. He was born in Kingston, Jamaica. He died at age 89 in Stony Brook, New York.
1923 ~ Lorenzo Semple, Jr. (né Lorenzo Elliot Semple, III; d. Mar. 28, 2014), American screen writer who made Batman funny on the television series. He was known professionally as Lorenzo Semple, Jr. He was born in New Rochelle, New York. He died in Los Angeles, California one day after his 91st birthday.
1923 ~ Jack O’Neill (d. June 2, 2017), American surfer who invented the modern wetsuit. He was born in Denver, Colorado. He died at age 94 in Santa Cruz, California.
1921 ~ Phil Chess (né Fiszel Czyż; d. Oct. 18, 2016), Czech-born record producer and co-founder of Chess Records. He died at age 95 in Tucson, Arizona.
1917 ~ Cyrus Vance (né Cyrus Roberts Vance; d. Jan. 12, 2002), 57th United States Secretary of State. He served during the Carter administration from January 1977 until April 1980. He had previously served as the 7th United States Secretary of the Army from July 1962 until January 1964 under the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. He was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia. He died of pneumonia at age 84 in New York, New York.
1914 ~ Budd Schulberg (né Seymour Wilson Schulberg, d. Aug. 5, 2009), American author and screenwriter. He was the Oscar-winning writer of On the Waterfront. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 95 in Quiogue, New York.
1912 ~ James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff (né Leonard James Callaghan; d. Mar. 26, 2005), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He died 1 day before his 93rd birthday.
1908 ~ Sol Leschinsky (né Solomon Aaron Leschinsky; d. Jan. 26, 1985), Canadian-born mathematician and inventor. He died in Los Angeles, California at age 76.
1905 ~ László Kalmár (d. Aug. 2, 1976), Hungarian mathematician. He is considered the founder of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science. He died at age 71.
1905 ~ Elsie MacGill (née Elizabeth Muriel Gregory MacGill, d. Nov. 4, 1980), Canadian engineer. She was known as the Queen of the Hurricanes and was the first female aircraft designer. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She died in Cambridge, Massachusetts at age 75.
1901 ~ Eisaku Satō (d. June 3, 1975), Prime Minister of Japan. He served three terms between November 1964 and July 1972. He was the recipient of the 1974 Nobel Peace Prize for representing the Japanese’s desire for peace and signing the nuclear arms Non-Proliferation treating in 1970. He died of a stroke at age 74 in Tokyo, Japan.
1899 ~ Gloria Swanson (née Gloria May Josephine Swanson; d. Apr. 4, 1983), American actress. She is best known for her role as Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died about a week after her 84thbirthday in New York, New York.
1897 ~ Douglas Hartree (né Douglas Rayner Hartree; d. Feb. 12, 1958), English mathematician and physicist. He was born and died in Cambridge, England. He died of heart failure at age 60.
1893 ~ Karl Mannheim (né Károly Manheim; b. Jan. 9, 1947), Hungarian sociologist. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. He died of a heart condition at age 53 in London, England.
1886 ~ Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (né Maria Ludwig Muhuta Michael William Mies; d. Aug. 17, 1969), German-borne architect. His philosophy towards buildings was “Less is More.” He was born in Aachen, German Empire. He died at age 83 in Chicago, Illinois.
1880 ~ Ruth Hanna McCormick (née Ruth Hanna; d. Dec. 31, 1944), American politician from Illinois and supporter of woman’s rights. She served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois. She developed pancreatitis as a result of a fall from a horse. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She died at age 64 in Chicago.
1879 ~ Edward Steichen (né Éduard Jean Steichen; d. Mar. 25, 1973), American painter and photographer. He was born in Luxembourg, but his family moved to the United States when he was a child. He died 2 days before his 94th birthday in West Redding, Connecticut.
1876 ~ Gerhard Kowalewski (d. Feb. 21, 1950), German mathematician and member of the Nazi party. He is best known for the introduction of the matrices notation. He is also known as being a strong advocate for female mathematicians. He died at age 73.
1871 ~ Heinrich Mann (né Luiz Heinrich Mann; d. Mar. 11, 1950), German writer. His writing often had strong social themes, and his criticism of the growing of fascism in German led him to ultimately flee Germany after the rise of Nazism. He was the older brother of writer Thomas Mann. He was born in Lübeck, Germany. He died in Santa Monica, California less than 3 weeks before his 79th birthday.
1867 ~ Karl Zsigmondy (d. Oct. 14, 1925), Austrian-Hungarian mathematician. He was born and died in Vienna, Austria. He died at age 58.
1868 ~ Patty Hill (née Patty Smith Hill; d. May 25, 1946), American educator and kindergarten teacher. She is best known for writing Happy Birthday to You. She was born in Anchorage, Kentucky. She died at age 78 in New York, New York.
1863 ~ Sir Henry Royce, 1st Baronet (né Frederick Henry Royce; d. Apr. 22, 1933), English automobile pioneer who, along with Charles Rolls (1877 ~ 1910) founded Rolls-Royce Limited. He died 26 days after his 70th birthday.
1857 ~ Karl Pearson (né Carl Pearson; d. Apr. 27, 1936), English statistician and mathematician. He was also a proponent of social Darwinism, eugenics and scientific racism. His name was changed from Carl to Karl by accident when he enrolled at the University of Heidleberg. He died a month after his 79th birthday.
1847 ~ Otto Wallach (d. Feb. 26, 1931), German chemist and recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on alicyclic compounds. He died a month before his 84th birthday.
1845 ~ Wilhelm Röntgen (né Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen; d. Feb. 10, 1923), German physicist and recipient of the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the X-ray. He died at age 77.
1824 ~ Virginia Minor (née Virginia Louisa Minor; d. Aug. 14, 1894), American woman’s rights activist. She is best remembered for being the plaintiff in the case of United States Supreme Court case of Minor v. Happersett, in which she argued, unsuccessfully, that the 14th Amendment gave women the right to vote. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote the decision for the Court. She was born in Caroline County, Virginia. She died at age 70 in St. Louis, Missouri.
1814 ~ Charles Mackay (d. Dec. 24, 1889), Scottish poet and author. He was born in Perth, Scotland. He died at age 85 in London, England.
1813 ~ Nathaniel Currier (d. Nov. 20, 1888), American illustrator, who worked with James Ives to create lithographs of current events and life in the mid-1800s America. Together James Ives and Nathaniel Currier co-founded Currier and Ives. Currier was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts. He died at age 75 in Amesbury, Massachusetts.
1801 ~ Alexander Barrow (d. Dec. 29, 1846), American lawyer and United States Senator from Louisiana. He served in the Senate from March 1841 through December 1846. He was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He died at age 45 in Baltimore, Maryland.
1785 ~ Louis XVII, King of France (d. June 8, 1795). He was the claimant to the French throne, although he was never actually crowned. He was of the House of Bourbon. He was the youngest son of Louis XVI, King of France and Marie Antoinette. After his father was executed, he became “king” in the eyes of the royalists. He was imprisoned by the Republic. He died in prison at age 10 of an illness.
1724 ~ Jane Colden (d. Mar. 10, 1766), American botanist. She was born and died in New York, New York. She died in childbirth less than 3 weeks before her 42nd birthday. She was the first known female biologist in the United States. Although she was not acknowledged in published papers, she regularly corresponded with leading botanists and her work contributed to considerable identification of American plants.
1522 ~ Rachel Akerman (d. 1544), Austrian-Jewish poet. She is the earliest known Jewish woman known to have written poetry in German.
972 ~ Robert II, King of France (d. July 20, 1031). He ruled from December 987 until his death in July 1031. He was known as Robert the Pius. He was married three times. He first wife was Rozala of Italy. After the marriage was annulled, he married Bertha of Burgundy. After that marriage was annulled, he married Constance of Arles, and they remained married until his death. He was of the House of Capet. He was the son of Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine. He died at age 59.
Events that Changed the World:
2021 ~ Passover began at sunset.
2020 ~ North Macedonia became the 30th member of NATO.
2016 ~ Easter Sunday.
2013 ~ A 6.0 magnitude earthquake struck in Taiwan.
2002 ~ A Palestinian suicide bomber killed 29 people participating in a Passover Seder in Netanya, Israel.
2000 ~ A Phillips Petroleum plant exploded in Pasadena, Texas, killing 1 person and injuring over 70 others.
1998 ~ The United States Food and Drug Administration approved Viagra for treatment of male impotence.
1980 ~ A Norwegian oil platform collapsed in the North Sea. Of the 212 crew on the platform, 123 were killed.
1977 ~ Two airplanes collided on the runway in Tenerife in the Canary Islands, killing 583 passengers aboard both planes. Sixty-one passengers aboard the Pan-Am flight plane survived; all passengers in the KLM flight were killed.
1975 ~ Construction on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System began.
1964 ~ Alaska was hit by a massive earthquake that measured 9.2 on the Richter scale. Over 125 people were killed and there was massive damage to the city of Anchorage, Alaska. The earthquake occurred on Good Friday so is sometimes referred to as the Good Friday earthquake.
1958 ~ Nikita Khrushchev (1894 ~ 1971) became the Premier of the Soviet Union.
1942 ~ Nazi Germany and Vichy France began deporting over 65,000 Jews from the Drancy internment camp to German extermination camps.
1939 ~ The University of Oregon defeated Ohio State University in the first “March Madness” basketball tournament. The final score of the game was Oregon 46 to Ohio’s 33.
1915 ~ Mary “Typhoid Mary” Mallon (Sept. 23, 1869 ~ Nov. 11, 1938), the healthy carrier of Typhoid, was put into quarantine where she lived for the rest of her life.
1912 ~ First Lady Helen Taft (1861 ~ 1943) and Viscountess Iwa Chinda, the wife of the Japanese ambassador, planted the first cherry trees in Washington, D.C.
1905 ~ Fingerprint evidence was used in England to solve a brutal murder.
1890 ~ A tornado hit Louisville, Kentucky. Over 100 people were killed and another 200 were injured.
1886 ~ Geronimo (1829 ~ 1909), the Apache warrior, surrendered to the United States Army, ending the main phase of the Apache wars.
1794 ~ The United States government established a permanent Navy.
1782 ~ Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730 ~ 1782), started his first term as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He died 14 weeks after beginning his second term as Prime Minister. He served during the reign of King George III.
1775 ~ Thomas Jefferson (1743 ~ 1826) was elected to the Continental Congress.
1625 ~ Charles I (1600 ~ 1649) became King of England, Scotland and Ireland. He also claimed the title King of France as well.
1513 ~ Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León (1474 ~ 1521) is believed to have reached what is now known as The Bahamas on his first voyage to the New World.
Good-Byes:
2020 ~ Michael McKinnell (né Noel Michael McKinnell; b. Dec. 25, 1935), British-born American architect. He co-designed Boston City Hall, which helped spur the City’s urban revival in the late 1960s. He was born in Salford, England. He died of Covid-19 at age 84 in Beverly, Massachusetts.
2016 ~ Mother Angelica (née Rita Antoinette Rizzo; b. Apr. 20, 2913), American Poor Clare nun and television personality. She was the founder of the cable network Eternal Word Television Network. She was born in Canton, Ohio. She died in Hanceville, Alabama about a month before her 93rd birthday.
2014 ~ James R. Schlesinger (né James Rodney Schlesinger; b. Feb. 15, 1929), American headstrong aide who served three presidents. He served as the 1st United States Secretary of Energy under President Jimmy Carter from August 1977 until August 1979. He served as the 12th United States Secretary of Defense from July 1973 until November 1975 under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He also served as the 9th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 85 in Baltimore, Maryland.
2013 ~ Yvonne Brill (née Yvonne Madelaine Claeys; b. Dec. 30, 1924), Canadian-born woman who blazed a trail in rocketry. She was a propulsion engineer best known for her development of rocket and jet propulsion technologies. She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She died at age 88 in Princeton, New Jersey.
2012 ~ Adrienne Rich (née Adrienne Cecile Rich; b. May 16, 1929), American poet who gave a strong voice to feminism. She was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She died at age 82 in Santa Cruz, California.
2009 ~ Irving R. Levine (né Irving Raskin Levine; b. Aug. 26, 1922), American journalist. He was a longtime correspondent for NBC News. He was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. He died in Washington, D.C., at age 86 of complications from prostate cancer.
2007 ~ Paul Lauterbur (né Paul Christian Lauterbur; d. May 6, 1929), American chemist and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work that made MRIs possible. He was born in Sidney, Ohio. He died at age 77 of kidney disease in Urbana, Illinois.
2007 ~ Charlotte Winters (née Charlotte Louise Berry; b. Nov. 10, 1897), American veteran, and last surviving female veteran, of World War I. She joined the Navy in 1917. She was born in Washington, D.C. She died at age 109 in Boonsboro, Maryland.
2003 ~ Paul Zindel, Jr. (b. May 15, 1936), American writer and playwright. He is best known for his novel, The Pigman. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 66 of lung cancer.
2002 ~ Dudley Moore (né Dudley Stuart John Moore; b. April 19, 1935), British actor. He was born in London, England. He died 23 days before his 67th birthday in Plainfield, New Jersey.
2002 ~ Milton Berle (né Mendel Berlinger; b. July 12, 1908), American actor and comedian. He was born in New York, New York. He died at age 93 in Los Angeles, California.
2002 ~ Billy Wilder (né Samuel Wilder; b. June 22, 1906), Hungarian-born American film director. He died at age 95 in Beverly Hills, California.
1998 ~ Ferdinand Porsche (Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche, b. Sept. 19, 1909), Austrian automobile designer. He died at age 88.
1997 ~ Lane Dwinell (né Seymour Lane Dwindel; b. Nov. 14, 1906), 69th Governor of New Hampshire. He served as Governor from January 1955 through December 1959. He was born in Newport, Vermont and died in Hanover, New Hampshire. He died at age 90.
1983 ~ Elsie Eaves (b. May 5, 1898), American engineer. She was the first woman to become a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. She was born in Idaho Springs, Colorado. She died at age 84 in Roslyn, New York.
1972 ~ M.C. Escher (né Maurits Cornelis Escher; b. June 17, 1898), Dutch graphic artist. He was born in Leeuwarden, Netherlands. He died at age 73.
1968 ~ Yuri Gagarin (b. Mar. 9, 1934), Soviet cosmonaut and first human in space. He was later killed in a test flight, just 13 days after his 34th birthday.
1967 ~ Jaroslav Heyrovský (b. Dec. 20, 1890), Czech chemist and recipient of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was born and died in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He died at age 76.
1962 ~ Augusta Savage (née Augusta Christine Fells; b. Feb. 29, 1892), African-American sculptor. She was an important figure associated with the Harlem Renaissance. She was born in Green Cove Springs, Florida. She died about a month after her 27th birthday.
1952 ~ Kiichiro Toyoda (b. June 11, 1894), Japanese businessman and founder of Toyota. He died at age 57 from injuries sustained in a fall.
1934 ~ Charlotte Barnum (née Charlotte Cynthia Barnum; b. May 17, 1860), American mathematician and social activist. She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics from Yale University. She was born in Philipstown, Massachusetts. She died at age 73 in Middletown, Connecticut.
1931 ~ Arnold Bennett (né Enoch Arnold Bennett; b. May 27, 1867), English novelist. He died of typhoid fever at age 63 in London, England.
1925 ~ Carl Neumann (né Karl Gottfried Neumann; b. May 7, 1832), German mathematician. He died at age 92.
1923 ~ Sir James Dewar (b. Sept. 20, 1842), Scottish chemist and physicist. He is best known for creating the Dewar’s Flask. He died at age 80 in London, England.
1918 ~ Henry Adams (né Henry Brooks Adams; b. Feb. 16, 1838), American historian and novelist. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at age 80 in Washington, D.C.
1910 ~ Alexander Agassiz (né Alexander Emanuel Rodolphe Agassiz; b. Dec. 17, 1835), Swiss-born ichthyologist, zoologist and engineer. He died at age 74 aboard the RMS Adriatic while en route to New York from England.
1900 ~ Joseph Campbell (né Joseph Albert Campbell; b. May 15, 1817), founder of the Campbell’s Soup Company. He was born in Bridgeton, New Jersey. He died at age 82 in Riverton, New Jersey.
1888 ~ Francesco Faà di Bruno (b. Mar. 29, 1825), Italian priest and mathematician. He died 2 days before his 63rdbirthday.
1879 ~ Prince Waldemar of Prussia (b. Feb. 10, 1868), German prince. He was of the House of Hohenzollern. He was the sixth child of Frederick III, German Emperor and Victoria, Princess Royal. He was the grandson of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. He died of diphtheria at age 11.
1875 ~ Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (b. Jan. 21, 1808), Peruvian soldier and briefly the President of Peru in 1842. He died at age 67.
1869 ~ James Harper (b. Apr. 13, 1795), 65th Mayor of New York City. He served as Mayor for 1 year from 1844 to 1845. He died 17 days before his 74th birthday.
1714 ~ Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (b. Apr. 27, 1650), Queen consort of Denmark and wife of Christian V, King of Denmark. They had 8 children. She was of the House of Hesse-Kassel. She was the daughter of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg. She died of smallpox a month before her 64th birthday. The city of Charlotte Amalie on St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands is named in her honor.
1697 ~ Simon Bradstreet (b. Mar. 18, 1603), Early American politician and 20th Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he was baptized on March 18, 1603. He was born in Lincolnshire, England. He presumably died 9 days after his 93rd birthday in Salem, Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1625 ~ James I, King of England and Ireland, James VI, King of Scotland (b. June 19, 1566). He ruled England from March 1603 until his death in 1625. He also ruled Scotland from July 1567 until his death in 1625. He was married to Anne of Denmark. He was of the House of Stuart. He was the son of Mary, Queen of the Scots and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. He died at age 58.
1624 ~ Ulrik, Prince of Denmark (b. Dec. 30, 1578), Danish prince. He never married. He was of the House of Oldenburg. He was the son of Frederick II, King of Denmark and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. He died at age 45.
1615 ~ Margaret of Valois (b. May 14, 1553), Queen consort of France and first wife of Henry IV of France. There were no children of the marriage; thus marriage was annulled after 27 years. She was of the House of Valois. She was the daughter of Henry II, King of France and Catherine de’Medici. She died at age 61.
1482 ~ Mary of Burgundy (b. Feb. 13, 1457), Duchess of Brabant, Limburg, Lothier, Luxemburg and Guelders. She was the first wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, however she had died before he assumed that role. She was killed at age 25 from a fall from her horse during a falcon hunt.
1462 ~ Vasily II of Moscow (b. Mar. 10, 1415), He was known as Vasily II the Blind. He ruled over Moscow from February 1425 until his death in 1462. He was married to Maria Yaroslavna. He was of the House of Rurik. He was the son of Vasily I, Grand Prince of Moscow and Sophia of Lithuania. He was born and died in Moscow. He died 17 days after his 47th birthday.
1378 ~ Pope Gregory XI (né Pierre Roger de Beaufort; b. 1336). He was the seventh and last Avignon Pope. He was Pope from December 1370 until his death on his date. The exact date of his birth is not known.
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