Birthdays:
1988 ~ Adele (née Adele Laurie Blue Adkins), British singer-songwriter. She was born in London, England.
1973 ~ Tina Yothers (née Kristina Louise Yothers), American actress. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Keaton on the television sit-com Family Ties. She was born in Whittier, California.
1966 ~ Sergei Stanishev (né Sergei Dmitrievich Stanishev), President of the Party of European Socialists. He assumed this position in November 2011. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Bulgaria from August 2005 until July 2009. He was born in Kherson, Ukraine.
1959 ~ Brian Williams (né Brian Douglas Williams), American news anchor. In 2015, he was suspended from the NBC news after it was revealed that he exaggerated and incorporated himself into his news reports. He was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
1957 ~ John Orthberg, Jr., American evangelical Christian author. He was born in Rockford, Illinois. He was born in Rockford, Illinois.
1952 ~ Ed Lee (né Edwin Mah Lee; d. Dec. 12, 2017), American politician and Mayor of San Francisco. He served as Mayor from January 2011 until his sudden death in December 2017. He was born in Seattle, Washington. He died of cardiac arrest at age 65 in San Francisco, California.
1944 ~ Roger Rees (d. July 10, 2015), Welsh actor best known for his role as Robin Colcord on Cheers. He died of brain cancer at age 71.
1943 ~ Sir Michael Palin (né Michael Edward Palin), British actor and member of Monty Python. He was born in Ranmoor, England.
1942 ~ Tammy Wynette (née Virginia Wynette Pugh; d. Apr. 6, 1998), American country singer. She is best remembered for her song Stand By Your Man. She was born in Tremont, Mississippi. She died a month before her 56th birthday in Nashville, Tennessee.
1938 ~ Michael Murphy (né Michael George Murphy), American actor. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
1928 ~ Agustín Román (d. Apr. 11, 2012), Cuban bishop who ministered to Cubans in exile. He was born in San Antonio de los Baños, Cuba. He died in Miami, Florida less than a month before his 84th birthday.
1925 ~ Leo Ryan (né Leo Joseph Ryan, Jr.; d. Nov. 18, 1978), United States Congressman from California. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska. He was assassinated at age 53 while on a political tour in Guyana by members of the People’s Temple.
1923 ~ Cathleen Synge Morawetz (d. Aug. 8, 2017), Canadian mathematician. She is best known for her work in partial differential equations of mixed type and aerodynamics. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She died at age 94 in New York, New York.
1922 ~ Irene Gut Opdyke (née Irene Gut; d. May 17, 2003), Polish nurse who aided in saving Jews from the Nazis during World War II. She was honored as the Righteous Among Nations by Yad Vashem. She died 2 weeks after her 81st birthday.
1921 ~ Arthur Leonard Schawlow (d. Apr. 28, 1999), American physicist and recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on lasers. He was born in Mount Vernon, New York. He died 7 days before his 78th birthday in Palo Alto, California.
1921 ~ Mavis Batey (née Mavis Lilian Lever; d. Nov. 12, 2013), British code-breaker who cracked Nazi communications. She was born in London, England. She died at age 92 in Petworth, England.
1914 ~ Tyrone Power (né Tyrone Edmund Power, III; d. Nov. 15, 1958), American movie actor. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He died of a heart attack at age 44 in Msdrid, Spain.
1914 ~ Charis Wilson (née Helen Charis Wilson; d. Nov. 20, 2009), American model who inspired photographer Edward Wilson. She was born in San Francisco, California. She died at age 95 in Santa Cruz, California.
1903 ~ James Beard (né James Andrew Beard; d. Jan. 21, 1985), American chef and cookbook author. He was born in Portland, Oregon. He died at age 81 in New York, New York.
1900 ~ Helen Redfield (d. 1988), American geneticist. She earned her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. She was born in Archbold, Ohio. She died at age 88.
1898 ~ Elsie Eaves (d. Mar. 27, 1983), American engineer. She was the first woman to become a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. She died at age 84.
1892 ~ Dorothy Garrod (née Dorothy Annie Elizabeth Garrod; d. Dec. 18, 1968), British archeologist. She specialized in the Palaeolithic period. She taught at the University of Cambridge and was the first woman to hold the Oxbridge chair. She died of complications of a stroke at age 76.
1890 ~ Christopher Morley (d. Mar. 28, 1957), American journalist. He died at age 66.
1883 ~ Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler (née Anna Johnson; d. Mar. 26, 1966), American mathematician. She is best known for her work in linear algebra in infinite dimensions. She died of a stroke at age 82.
1882 ~ Sylvia Pankhurst (née Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst; d. Sept. 27, 1960), daughter of Emmeline, and sister of Christabel. The entire family was devoted to fighting for equal rights for women. She was born in Manchester, England. She died at age 78 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
1873 ~ Leon Czołgosz (né Leon Frank Czołgosz; d. Oct. 29, 1901), American assassin of President William McKinley. He shot the President in September 1901. He was born in Alpena, Michigan. He was electrocuted at age 28 in Auburn, New York, just 7 weeks after the assassination.
1864 ~ Nellie Bly (née Elizabeth Jane Cochrane; d. Jan. 27, 1922), American journalist. She is best known for her record-breaking trip around the world and for her exposé into the treatment received by patients in mental institutions. She died of pneumonia at age 57.
1846 ~ Henryk Sienkeiwicz (d. Nov. 15, 1916), Polish author and recipient of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 70.
1830 ~ John B. Stetson (né John Batterson Stetson; d. Feb. 18, 1906), American hat manufacturer and inventor of the cowboy hat known as the Stetson Hat. He died at age 75.
1826 ~ Eugénie de Montijo (d. July 11, 1920), French wife of Napoleon III. She died at age 94.
1818 ~ Karl Marx (d. Mar. 14, 1883), German philosopher and political theorist. He is best known for his book Das Kapital. He died at age 64.
1813 ~ Søren Kierkegaard (né Søren Aabye Kierkegaard; d. Nov. 11, 1855), Danish Christian philosopher, theologian and religious author. He died at age 42.
1747 ~ Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Mar. 1, 1792). He ruled from September 1790 until his death in 1792. He died suddenly at age 44.
1719 ~ Andrew Meikle (d. Nov. 27, 1811), Scottish engineer and designer of the threshing machine. He died at age 91.
1210 ~ Afonso III, King of Portugal (d. Feb. 16, 1279). He reigned Portugal from January 1248 until his death in February 1279. He died at age 68.
Events that Changed the World:
1994 ~ American teenager Michael Fay (b. 1975) was caned in Singapore for theft and vandalism.
1973 ~ Secretariat won the Kentucky Derby.
1961 ~ Alan Shepard (1923 ~ 1998) became the first American to travel into outer space.
1945 ~ The Prague uprising began by the Czech resistance in an attempt to free the city from Nazi occupation.
1925 ~ John T. Scopes (1900 ~ 1970) was served with an arrest warrant for teaching evolution in Tennessee in violation of the Butler Act. His subsequent trial became known as the Monkey Trial.
1921 ~ Chanel No. 5 first went on sale.
1920 ~ Nicola Sacco (Apr. 22, 1891 ~ Aug. 22, 1927) and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (June 11, 1888 ~ Aug. 22, 1927) were arrested for the alleged robbery and murder of two men during an armed robbery in South Braintree, Massachusetts. They would ultimately be convicted and executed for these crimes.
1905 ~ Fingerprint evidence was used for the first time to convict the Stratton Brothers for murder in a trial in London. Alfred (1882 ~ 1905) and Albert (1884 ~ 1905) Stratton murdered a couple who managed in a paint shop in England. The brothers were executed for their crime on May 23, 1905.
1904 ~ Cy Young (1867 ~ 1955) of the Boston Americans threw the first perfect baseball game while pitching against the Philadelphia Athletics. The game was played at the Huntington Avenue Grounds, which was the baseball stadium before Fenway Park was built.
1891 ~ Carnegie Hall, initially known as the Music Hall, in New York City had its grand opening and first public appearance. Peter Tchaikovsky (1840 ~ 1893) was the guest conductor at this event.
1866 ~ Memorial Day was celebrated for the first time in the United States in Waterloo, New York. It was originally called Decoration Day and was intended to commemorate the Union soldiers who were killed in the American Civil War.
1865 ~ The Confederate States of America government was formally declared dissolved.
1862 ~ Cinco de Mayo, a holiday celebrated in Mexico, which commemorates the victory of a Mexican army over a French army at the Battle of Puebla, was first observed.
1809 ~ The Swiss canton of Aargau allowed citizenship to Jews and given right pertaining to farming and trade, which had previously been denied to the Jews.
1809 ~ Mary Kies (1752 ~ 1837) became the first woman to be granted a United States Patent. She had developed a technique of weaving straw with silk and thread. This invention helped to boost the manufacture of women’s hats.
1640 ~ King Charles I (1600 ~ 1649) of England dissolved the Short Parliament.
1494 ~ Christopher Columbus (1451 ~ 1506) is said to have landed in the island of Jamaica and claimed it for Spain.
1260 ~ Kublai Khan (1215 ~ 1294) became the ruler of the Mongol Empire.
Good-Byes:
2008 ~ Irv Robbins (né Irvine Robbins; b. Dec. 6, 1917), Canadian-American businessman and co-founder of the Baskin-Robbins ice cream company. He was 90 years old.
2007 ~ Theodore Maiman (né Theodore Harold Maiman; b. July 11, 1927), American physicist credited with inventing the laser. He died at age 79.
1993 ~ Irving Howe (né Irving Horenstein; b. June 11, 1920), American literary and social critic. He died of cardiovascular disease at age 72.
1981 ~ Bobby Sands (né Robert Gerard Sands; b. Mar. 9, 1954), Irish activist. He died in the Long Kesh prison following a 66-day hunger strike. He was 27 years old.
1959 ~ Carlos Saavedra Lamas (b. Nov. 1, 1878), Argentine politician and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Peace Prize. He died of a brain hemorrhage at age 80.
1957 ~ Leopold Löwenheim (b. June 26, 1878), German mathematician. He died at age 78.
1944 ~ Bertha Benz (née Bertha Ringer; b. May 3, 1849), German automotive pioneer. She was married to Karl Benz (1844 ~ 1929), and together they formed the Benz automotive manufacturing company. She is also known for being the first person to take a long distance road trip when she took her two sons from Mannheim to Pforzheim, Germany. She died two days after her 95th birthday.
1921 ~ Alfred Hermann Fried (b. Nov. 11, 1864), Austrian writer and pacifist. He was the recipient of the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize. He died at age 56.
1902 ~ Bret Harte (né Francis Bret Harte; b. Aug. 25, 1836), American author best know for his stories about the American west. He was born in Albany, New York. He died at age 65 in Camberley, England of throat cancer.
1892 ~ August Wilhelm von Hofmann (b. Apr. 8, 1818), German organic chemist. He died a month after his 74thbirthday.
1859 ~ Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (né Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet; b. Feb. 13, 1805), German mathematician. He is best known for his contribution to number theory. He died at age 54.
1821 ~ Napoleon I (né Napoleon Bonaparte, b. Aug. 15, 1769), French military leader and Emperor of France. He died in exile on the island of St. Helena. He was 51 years old.
1705 ~ Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. June 9, 1640). He reigned from July 1658 until his death 57 years later. He died about a month before his 65th birthday.
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