Birthdays:
1968 ~ Hugh Jackman (né Michael Hugh Jackman), Australian actor. He was born in Sydney, Australia.
1963 ~ Lane Frost (né Lane Clyde Frost; d. July 30, 1898), American bull rider. He was killed at age 25 from injuries sustained from being rammed by a bull he had just dismounted. He was born in La Junta, Colorado. He died in Cheyenne, Wyoming. His life and death was depicted in the 1994 movie 8 Seconds.
1959 ~ Anna Escobeldo Cabral, American politician and 42nd Treasurer of the United States. She served under President George W. Bush. She was the Treasurer from January 2005 until January 2009. She was born in San Bernardino, California.
1935 ~ Luciano Pavarotti (d. Sept. 6, 2007), Italian tenor. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 71 years old.
1935 ~ William Raspberry (né William James Raspberry; d. July 17, 2012), African-American journalist and syndicated columnist. He was born in Okolona, Mississippi. He died at age 76 in Washington, D.C.
1932 ~ Dick Gregory (né Richard Claxton Gregory; d. Aug. 19, 2017), American groundbreaking comedian who became a civil rights voice. He died at age 84.
1925 ~ Essie Mae Washington-Williams (d. Feb. 4, 2013), American black daughter of a famed segregationist. She was the daughter of Senator Strom Thurmond and Carrie Butler, his family’s maid. She was born in Edgefield, South Carolina. She died at age 87 in Columbia, South Carolina.
1923 ~ Jean Nidetch (née Jean Evelyn Slutsky; d. Apr. 29, 2015), American housewife who was a co-founder of Weight Watchers. She was 91 years old.
1896 ~ Eugenio Montale (d. Sept. 12, 1891), Italian poet and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died a month before his 85th birthday.
1894 ~ Elisabeth of Romania (d. Nov. 14, 1956). She was the Queen consort of the Hellenes. She was married to George II of Greece. She died just over a month after her 62nd birthday.
1891 ~ Edith Stein (d. Aug. 9, 1942), was a Carmelite Catholic nun. She was born Jewish but converted to Catholicism. During World War II, she was seized by the Nazis and was executed at Auschwitz. She was murdered at age 50. Pope John Paul II canonized her as a saint in 1998.
1868 ~ August Horch (d. Feb. 3, 1951), German engineer and automobile pioneer. He was the founder of Audi. He died at age 82.
1866 ~ Ramsay MacDonald (né James MacDonald Ramsey; d. Nov. 9, 1937), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was the first Labor Party Prime Minister. He served for two terms, first from January 1924 until November 1924, and then from June 1929 until June 1935. Both terms were during the reign of King George V. He died less than a month after his 71st birthday.
1865 ~ Sir Arthur Harden (d. June 17, 1940), English chemist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes. He died at age 74.
1710 ~ Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. (d. Aug. 17, 1785), Governor of Connecticut. He served as the Governor of the Connecticut Colony from 1869 until 1776, then as the State of Connecticut from 1776 until 1784. He died at age 74.
1576 ~ Thomas Dudley (d. July 31, 1653), Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He served as the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony for several terms. He died at age 76.
1547 ~ King Edward VI of England and Ireland (d. July 6, 1553). He was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. He was crown king in 1547 at age 9. He became ill and died at age 15, paving the way for Elizabeth I to become Queen.
Events that Changed the World:
2020 ~ Indeginous People’s Day observed in the United States.
2019 ~ The Hard Rock Hotel, which was under construction in New Orleans, collapsed. Three construction workers were killed and injuring numerous others. Due to the precarious collapse, the bodies could not be removed until nearly a year later. The final body was removed in August 2020.
2018 ~ Princess Eugenie (b. 1990), daughter of Prince Andrew (b. 1960) and Sarah Ferguson (b. 1959), married Jack Brooksbank (b. 1986).
2000 ~ The USS Cole was badly damaged in Yemen by two suicide bombers. Seventeen crew members were killed and at least 39 were wounded.
1992 ~ A 5.8 magnitude earthquake hit Cairo, Egypt killing at least 510 people.
1960 ~ Nikita Khrushchev (1894 ~ 1971) pounded his shoe on a desk at the United Nations General Assembly meeting to protest the Philippines assertion of Soviet Union colonial policy being conducted in Eastern Europe.
1933 ~ The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island was acquired by the United States Department of Justice and became a federal prison.
1931 ~ The Christ the Redeemer statute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil was officially dedicated.
1928 ~ The Iron Lung respirator was first used at Children’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.
1918 ~ A massive forest fire in Minnesota killed over 450 people.
1915 ~ Edith Cavell (1865 ~ 1915), a British nurse, was executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium during World War I.
1901 ~ President Theodore Roosevelt (1858 ~ 1919) officially renamed the Presidential manor, known as the Executive Mansion, to the White House.
1892 ~ The Pledge of Allegiance was first recited by students in public schools as part of the 400th anniversary celebration of Columbus’ voyage and discovery of America.
1823 ~ Charles Macintosh (1766 ~ 1843) of Scotland began selling raincoats. The name Macintosh is still used today for foul weather garments.
1810 ~ The first Oktoberfest took place when the Bavarian royalty invited the citizens of Munich to join their celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig (1786 ~ 1868) of Bavaria to Princess Theresa von Sachsen-Hildbrughausen (1792 ~ 1854).
1799 ~ Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse (1775 ~ 1847) became the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute. When she jumped, she was at an altitude of 900 meters.
1792 ~ The first celebration of Columbus Day was held in New York City.
1773 ~ America’s first insane asylum, the Eastern State Hospital, opened in Virginia.
1692 ~ William Phips (1650 ~ 1694), 1st Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, put an end to the Salem witch trials.
1582 ~ Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this date did not exist this year in Italy, Poland, and Spain.
1492 ~ Christopher Columbus (1451 ~ 1506) was said to have landed on the Caribbean. He thought he had traversed the globe and had landed in India. The first Columbus Day celebration occurred in New York, 300 years later, in 1792.
539 BCE ~ The traditional day ascribed to when the army of Cyrus the Great (600 BCE ~ 530 BCE) of Persia captured Babylon.
Good-Byes:
2018 ~ Tom Jago (né Thomas Edward Jago; b. July 21, 1925), Cornish drinks guru who helped invent the world’s favorite liquors. He is known as being the creator of Baileys Irish Cream. He was born in Camelford, Cornwall, United Kingdom. He died at age 93.
2015 ~ George Mueller (né George Edwin Mueller, b. July 16, 1918), American electrical engineer who spearheaded the Apollo Program. He headed NASA’s Office of Manned Space Flight from September 1963 until December 1969. He died at age 97.
2013 ~ Oscar Hijuelos (né Oscar James Hijuelos; b. Aug. 24, 1951), Cuban-American novelist who examined assimilation. He is best known for his novel The Mambo Kings. He died at age 62 of a heart attack.
2010 ~ Belva Plain (née Belva Offenberg; b. Oct. 9, 1915), American novelist. She died 3 days after her 95thbirthday.
2003 ~ Willie Shoemaker (né William Lee Shoemaker; b. Aug. 19, 1931), American jockey. He died at age 72.
2003 ~ Joan Kroc (née Joan Beverly Mansfield; b. Aug. 27, 1928), American philanthropist and third wife of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald’s. Upon her death, she bequeathed millions of dollars to National Public Radio. She died of a brain tumor at age 75.
2002 ~ Ray Conniff (né Joseph Raymond Conniff; b. Nov. 6, 1916), American composer and conductor. He died 25 days before his 86th birthday.
1999 ~ Wilt Chamberlain (né Wilton Norman Chamberlain; b. Aug. 21, 1936), American basketball player. He died at age 63.
1998 ~ Matthew Shepard (né Matthew Wayne Shepard; b. Dec. 1, 1976), American murder victim. He was tied to a fence and was brutally beaten because he was gay. He was 21 years old at the time of his murder.
1997 ~ John Denver (né Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr.; b. Dec. 31, 1943), American singer. He was killed at age 53 while piloting his experimental aircraft, which crashed.
1996 ~ René Lacoste (né Jean René Lacoste b. July 2, 1904), French tennis player. He created the polo shirt and was a co-founder of Lacoste clothing. He was nicknamed “the Crocodile” due to the way he treated his opponents, hence the logo of the Locoste polo shirts. He died at age 92.
1987 ~ Alf Landon (né Alfred Mossman Landon; b. Sept. 9, 1887), American politician and 26th Governor of Kansas. He was the Republican nominee in the 1936 Presidential race. He lost to Franklin D. Roosevelt. He died about a month after his 100th birthday.
1985 ~ Johnny Olson (né John Leonard Olson; b. May 22, 1910), American radio host and game show announcer. He died at age 75 of a cerebral hemorrhage.
1979 ~ Katharine Burr Blodgett (b. Jan. 10, 1898), American physicist and chemist. She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Cambridge. She was born and died in Schenectady, New York. She died at age 81.
1978 ~ Nancy Spungen (née Nancy Laura Spungen; b. Feb. 27, 1958), American murder victim and girlfriend of Sid Vicious (né John Simon Ritchie; 1957 ~ 1979), of the Sex Pistols. She was 20 years old at the time of her murder.
1971 ~ Dean Acheson (né Dean Gooderham Acheson; b. Apr. 11, 1893), 51st United States Secretary of State. He served under President Harry S Truman. He served in that Office from January 1949 until January 1953. He died of a stroke at age 78.
1969 ~ Sonja Henie (b. Apr. 8, 1912), Norwegian figure skater. She died from complications from leukemia while in flight from Oslo to Paris. She was 57 years old.
1965 ~ Paul Hermann Müller (b. Jan. 12, 1899), Swiss chemist and recipient of the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of insecticidal qualities and use of DDT in the control of vector diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. He died at age 66 following a short illness.
1940 ~ Tom Mix (né Thomas Hezikiah Mix; b. Jan. 6, 1880), American actor best known for his roles in Westerns as a cowboy. He was killed in a car accident at age 60.
1934 ~ Gertrude Käsebier (née Gertrude Stanton; b. May 18, 1852), American photographer known for her images of motherhood. She also made many portraits of Native Americans. She was born in Des Moines, Iowa. She died at age 82 in New York, New York.
1924 ~ Anatole France (né François-Anatole Thibault; b. Apr. 16, 1844), French writer and recipient of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature. He died at age 80.
1921 ~ Philander C. Knox (né Philander Chase Knox; b. May 6, 1853), 40th United States Secretary of State. He served under William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson from March 1909 until March 1913. He also served as the 44th United States Attorney General from April 5, 1901 until June 1904 during the administrations of President William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. He was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. He died at age 68 in Washington, D.C., while serving a term as United States Senator from Pennsylvania.
1915 ~ Edith Cavell (née Edith Louisa Cavell; b. Dec. 4, 1865), English nurse. She served as a nurse in World War I and is known for caring for Allied soldiers who had escaped from German-occupied Belgium during the War. She was arrested for treason and found guilty by court-marshal for aiding Allied soldiers escape. She was executed by a German firing squad. She was 49 years old.
1914 ~ Margaret E. Knight (née Margaret Eloise Knight; b. Feb. 14, 1838), American inventor. She liked to tinker with things. She invented, among other things, the machine that folds and glues paper to form the flat-bottomed brown paper bags. She was born in York, Maine and died in Framingham, Massachusetts. When she died in Framingham, Massachusetts at age 76, she held 87 patents.
1870 ~ Robert E. Lee (né Robert Edward Lee; b. Jan. 19, 1807), American Confederate general and commander of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He died at age 63.
1864 ~ Roger B. Taney (né Roger Brooke Taney; b. Mar. 17, 1777), 5th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Andrew Jackson. He is best known for presiding over the Court when the Dred Scott decision was rendered. He served on the Court from March 1936 until his death at age 87 on October 12, 1864. Prior to serving on the Supreme Court, he served as the 11th United States Attorney General under President Jackson from July 1831 until November 1833, when he became the 12th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He served in that position from September 1833 until June 1834. He was born in Calvert County, Maryland. He died in Washington, D.C.
1730 ~ Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway (b. Oct. 11, 1671). He reigned as King from August 1699 until his death 1 day after his 59th birthday.
1576 ~ Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. July 31, 1527). He was married to Maria of Spain. He died at age 49.
1492 ~ Piero della Francesca (b. 1415), Italian mathematician. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been 77 at the time of his death.
642 ~ Pope John IV. He was Pope from December 24, 640 until his death on this date 2 years later. The date of his birth is not known.
638 ~ Pope Honorius I. He was Pope from October 27, 625 until his death on this date 13 years later. The date of his birth is not known.
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