Birthdays:
1989 ~ Ben Luderer (d. Mar. 30, 2020), American special education teacher and high school baseball coach. He died of Covid-19 at age 30.
1956 ~ Sebastian Coe, Baron Coe (né Sebastian Newbold Coe), British athlete. He was the model for the runner in the movie, Chariots of Fire.
1955 ~ Gwen Ifill (née Gwendolyn Ifill, d. Nov. 14, 2016), African-American journalist and newscaster. She died of endometrial cancer at age 61.
1951 ~ Michelle Bachelet, Chilean politician and President of Chile. She served two terms as President. The first term ran from March 2006 until March 2010. Her second term ran from March 2014 to March 2018.
1943 ~ Lech Wałęsa, Polish politician, trade-union organizer and human-rights activist. He served as the 2ndPresident of Poland and was the recipient of the 1983 Nobel Peace Prize.
1942 ~ Madeline Kahn (née Madeline Gail Wolfson; d. Dec. 3, 1999), American actress. She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She died at age 57 of ovarian cancer.
1936 ~ Silvio Berlusconi, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy.
1935 ~ Jerry Lee Lewis, American musician. He was born in Ferriday, Louisiana.
1932 ~ Rai Weiss (né Rainer Weiss), German-born, American physicist. He was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work to the LIGO detection and observation of gravitational waves. He is a professor emeritus at MIT and an adjunct professor at LSU.
1931 ~ Anita Ekberg (née Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg; d. Jan. 11, 2015), Swedish bombshell who lit up La Dolce Vita. She was a former Miss Sweden. She died at age 83.
1931 ~ James Cronin (né James Watson Cronin; d. Aug. 25, 2016), American particle physicist and recipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 84.
1923 ~ Stanley Berenstain (né Stanley Melvin Berenstain; d. Nov. 26, 2005), American author and illustration. He, along with his wife, Janice (1922 ~ 2012), created the Berenstain Bears. He died at age 82.
1923 ~ Bum Phillips (né Oail Andrew Phillips; d. Oct. 18, 2013), American cowboy who coached the Houston Oilers. He died 19 days after his 90th birthday.
1922 ~ Lizabeth Scott (née Emma Matzo; d. Jan. 31, 2015), American actress known for her smoky-voice. She played the femme fatale in many 1940s and 1950s film noir. She died at age 92.
1920 ~ Peter Mitchell (né Peter Dennis Mitchell; d. Apr. 10, 1992), English biochemist and recipient of the 1878 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the chemiosmotic mechanism of the ATP synthesis. He died at age 71.
1907 ~ George Jenkins (né George Washington Jenkins, Jr.; d. Apr. 8, 1996), American businessman and founder of the Publix grocery store chain. He died at age 88.
1907 ~ Gene Autry (né Orvon Grover Autry; d. Oct. 2, 1998), American actor and cowboy singer. He was known as the Singing Cowboy. He died 3 days after his 91st birthday.
1904 ~ Greer Garson (née Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson; d. Apr. 6, 1996), British actress. She died in Dallas, Texas at age 91.
1903 ~ Diana Vreeland (née Diana Dalziel; d. Aug. 22, 1989), American journalist and columnist. She was best known for working in the fashion magazine industry. She was the Editor-in-Chief of Vogue for many years. She died at age 86.
1901 ~ Enrico Fermi (d. Nov. 28, 1954), Italian American nuclear physicist and recipient of the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on nuclear processes. He is best known for the development of the first nuclear reactor. Fermium, a synthetic element created in 1952, was named after Fermi. He died at age 53 of stomach cancer.
1900 ~ Miguel Alemán Valdés (d. May 14, 1983), President of Mexico. He served as President from December 1946 until November 1952. He died at age 82.
1899 ~ László Bíró (né László József Schweiger; d. Oct. 24, 1985), Hungarian inventor who invented the ballpoint pen. He died 25 days after his 86th birthday.
1881 ~ Ludwig von Mises (d. Oct. 10, 1973), Austrian economist. He died 11 days after his 92nd birthday.
1864 ~ Miguel de Umanumo y Jugo (d. Dec. 31, 1936), Spanish Basque essayist, novelist and philosopher. He died at age 72.
1838 ~ Henry Hobson Richardson (d. Apr. 27, 1886), American architect. He designed Trinity Church in Copley Square in Boston. He was born in St. James Parish, Louisiana. He died in Brookline, Massachusetts at age 47 of Bright’s disease.
1831 ~ John McAllister Schofield (d. Mar. 4, 1906), 28th United States Secretary of War. He served under Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant from June 1868 until Mar. 1869. He died at age 74.
1803 ~ Jacques Charles François Sturm (d. Dec. 15, 1855), French mathematician. His name is one of 72 engraved at the Eiffel Tower. He died at age 52 after a long illness.
1786 ~ Guadalupe Victoria (né José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix, d. Mar. 21, 1843), 1st President of the United Mexican States. He was President from October 1824 through March 1829. He died of epilepsy at age 56.
1758 ~ Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (d. Oct. 21, 1805), British admiral. He defeated the French and Spanish fleets at Trafalgar in Britain’s greatest naval victory in 1805. He died in battle at less than a month after his 47thbirthday.
1703 ~ François Boucher (d. May 30, 1770), French painter. He died at age 66.
1561 ~ Adriaan van Roomen (d. May 4, 1615), Flemish mathematician. He died at age 53.
1547 ~ Miguel de Cervantes (d. Apr. 23, 1616), Spanish author best known for writing Don Quixote. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been born on September 29, 1547. He is believed to have died at age 68.
1518 ~ Tintoretto (né Jacopo Comin; d. May 31, 1594), Renaissance painter and artist. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but it is generally ascribed to late September or early October. He died at about age 75.
1276 ~ King Christopher II of Denmark (d. Aug. 2, 1332). He died at age 55.
1240 ~ Margaret of England (d. Feb. 26, 1275). She was the Queen consort of Scots and wife of King Alexander III of Scotland. She was the second child of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. She died at age 34.
926 ~ Qian Chu (d. Oct. 7, 988), last Chinese king of the Wuyue. He surrendered his kingdom to the Song Dynasty. He died 8 days after his 59th birthday.
106 B.C.E. ~ Pompey (d. 48 B.C.E.), the date the Roman General was considered to have been born. He is believed to have been assassinated 1 day before his 58th birthday.
Events that Changed the World:
2019 ~ Rosh HaShanah began at sunset.
2017 ~ Yom Kippur began at sunset.
2009 ~ An 8.0 magnitude earthquake near the Samoan Islands caused a tsunami. Over 1,115 people would be killed in this event.
2005 ~ John Roberts (b. 1955) was confirmed as the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
1990 ~ The construction of the Washington National Cathedral was completed. Work had begun on this Episcopal Church on September 29, 1907.
1982 ~ The Tylenol murders began when the first of 7 individuals died in Chicago after taking cyanide-laced Tylenol. The first victim was a 12-year old girl.
1960 ~ Nikita Khrushchev (1894 ~ 1971), leader of the Soviet Union, disrupted a meeting at the United Nations General Assembly with many angry outbursts, including banging his shoe against the desk.
1954 ~ The convention establishing CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) was signed.
1951 ~ The college football game between Duke University and the University of Pittsburgh was televised on NBC. It was the first live sporting event that was seen nationwide. Duke defeated Pittsburgh in a score of 19-14.
1923 ~ The British Mandate for Palestine took effect, which created Mandatory Palestine.
1911 ~ Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire.
1907 ~ The cornerstone to the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., was laid. Construction would not be complete until September 23, 1990!
1829 ~ The Metropolitan Police of London was founded.
1789 ~ The United States Department of War established a regular army.
1789 ~ The 1st United States Congress adjourned.
1227 ~ Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 ~ 1250), was excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades.
Goodbyes:
2014 ~ Shotgun Shuba (né George Thomas Shuba; b. Dec. 13, 1924), American baseball player who shook hands with history. He is remembered for his role in breaking down the color barrier when, while playing for a farm team in the 1940s, he offered a congratulatory handshake to teammate Jackie Robinson. He died at age 89.
2013 ~ Marcella Hazan (né Marcella Polini; b. Apr. 15, 1924), Italian-born Sephardic cookbook author who redefined Italian cooking. She was 89 years old.
2012 ~ Michael Henry Heim (b. Jan. 21, 1943), American translator who gave his all to world literature. He was a professor of Slavic languages and translated many works of literature in Czech, Russian, Dutch, French, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian. He died of complications from melanoma at age 69.
2012 ~ Arthur Ochs Sulzberger (b. Feb. 5, 1926), American newspaper chief who published the Pentagon Papers the New York Times. He was known as Punch. He was born in New York City. He died in Southampton, New York at age 86.
2011 ~ Sylvia Robinson (née Sylvia Vanterpool, b. Mar. 6, 1935), American singer known as the godmother of hip-hip. She died of congestive heart failure at age 76.
2010 ~ Tony Curtis (né Bernard Schwartz; b. June 3, 1925), American actor and singer. He died at age 85.
2010 ~ Georges Charpak (né Jerzy Charpak, b. Mar. 8, 1924), Ukrainain-born physicist and recipient of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics. He died at age 86.
2007 ~ Katsuko Saruhashi (b. Mar. 22, 1920), Japanese geochemist who turned radioactive fallout into a scientific legacy. She made some of the first measurements of carbon dioxide levels in seawater and subsequently showed the evidence in seawater and the atmosphere of the dangers of radioactive fallout. She died of pneumonia at age 87.
1998 ~ Tom Bradley (né Thomas J. Bradley; b. Dec. 29, 1917), African-American politician and 38th Mayor of Los Angeles. He served as Mayor from July 1973 until July 1993. He died at age 80.
1997 ~ Roy Lichtenstein (né Roy Fox Lichtenstein; b. Oct. 27, 1923), American artist. He died of pneumonia at 28 days before his 74th birthday.
1995 ~ Madalyn Murray O’Hair (née Madalyn Mays; b. Apr. 13, 1919), American atheist activist. She was in August 1995 kidnapped and murdered. She was 76 at the time of her kidnapping. The exact date of her death is not known, but September 29, 1995 is often given as the date of her death. Her body has never been found.
1989 ~ Gussie Anheuser Busch (né August Anheuser Busch, b. Mar. 28, 1899), American brewer and grandson of the founder of the Anheuser-Busch brewing company. He died at age 90.
1988 ~ Charles Addams (né Charles Samuel Addams; b. Jan. 7, 1912), American cartoonist who became famous for his dark humor. His cartoons were published in The New Yorker. His characters inspired The Addams family, which was a TV series in the 1960s, and later became a Broadway musical. He died at age 76.
1983 ~ Sir Roy George Douglas Allen (b. June 3, 1906), British economist and mathematician. He died at age 77.
1975 ~ Casey Stengel (né Charles Dillon Stengel; b. July 30, 1890), American baseball player and manager. He died at age 85.
1973 ~ W.H. Auden (né Wystan Hugh Auden; b. Feb. 21, 1907), Anglo-American poet. He died at age 66.
1967 ~ Carson McCullers (née Lula Carson Smith; b. Feb. 19, 1917), American author, best known for her novel, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. She died at age 50 of a brain hemorrhage.
1937 ~ Marie Zdeňka Baborová-Čiháková (b. Jan. 17, 1877), Czech botanist and zoologist. She was the first Czech woman to earn a Ph.D. in this field of science. She was born in Prague. At the time, the city was under the Austria-Hungary regime. She died at age 60.
1927 ~ Willem Einthovern (b. May 21, 1860), Dutch physician and inventor. He was the recipient of the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for inventing the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG). He died at age 67.
1925 ~ Léon Bourgeois (né Léon Victor August Bourgeois; b. May 21, 1851), French politician and recipient of the 1920 Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the United Nations. He was the Prime Minister of France, serving from November 1895 until April 1896. He died at age 74.
1913 ~ Rudolf Diesel (né Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel; b. Mar. 18, 1858), German mechanical engineer and inventor of the diesel engine. He developed the first internal-combustion engine in which fuel was ignited without a spark, now known at the diesel. He died at age 55 under mysterious circumstances. He had boarded a steamer ship and after dinner retired to his cabin. He was never seen again and his bed had not been slept in. His clothing, however, was neatly folded beneath an after deck railing, leading to believe he had committed suicide.
1910 ~ Winslow Homer (b. Feb. 24, 1836), American illustrator and painter. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and died in Prouts Neck, Maine. He was 74 years old at the time of his death.
1902 ~ Émile Zola (né Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola; b. Apr. 2, 1840), French novelist and critic. He is best known for his article, J’Accuse, which was instrumental in the exoneration of Alfred Dreyfus, an army officer who had been convicted of a crime simply because he was Jewish. The article brought to light the false accusations against Dreyfus. Zola died at age 62 of carbon monoxide poisoning, which some believe was murder.
1804 ~ Michael Hillegas (b. Apr. 22, 1728), American politician and 1st Treasurer of the United States. He served in that office from July 1775 until September 1789. He died at age 75.
1560 ~ Gustav I of Sweden (né Gustav Eriksson, b. May 12, 1496). The exact date of his birth is unknown. He ruled from June 1523 until his death in September 1560. He is believed to have been about 64 years old at the time of his death.
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