Birthdays:
1990 ~ Princess Eugenie Victoria Helena, youngest daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah, Duchess of York. In 2018, she married Jack Brooksbank.
1974 ~ Randall Park, American actor best known for his role on Fresh Off the Boat. He was born in Los Angeles, California.
1955 ~ Moses Malone (né Moses Eugene Malone; d. Sept. 13, 2015) American basketball player. He was the NBA star who mastered the rebound. He died of heart disease at age 60.
1954 ~ Kenneth Cole, American fashion designer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.
1952 ~ Rex Tillerson (né Rex Wayne Tillerson), 69th United States Secretary of State. He served under President Donald Trump. He serviced from February 1, 2017 through March 31, 2018. He had previously served as the CEO of the Exxon Corporation. He was born in Wichita Falls, Texas.
1944 ~ Ric Ocasek (né Richard Theodore Otcasek; d. Sept. 15, 2019), American musician and frontman for The Cars who drove rock’s new wave. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died at age 75 in Manhattan, New York.
1934 ~ Ludvig Faddeev (d. Feb. 26, 2017), Russian mathematician. He died less than a month before his 83rdbirthday.
1929 ~ Sir Roger Bannister (né Roger Gilbert Bannister; d. Mar. 3, 2018), English student athlete who was the first to run a mile in under 4 minutes. He went on to become a neurologist. He died 20 days before his 89th birthday.
1924 ~ Bette Nesmith Graham (née Bette Clair McMurray; d. May 12, 1980), American inventor of Liquid Paper. She was born in Dallas, Texas. She died at age 56. Her son, Michael Nesmith, was in the band The Monkees.
1922 ~ Marty Allen (né Morton David Alpern; d. Feb. 12, 2018), American comedian and actor. He died of complications of pneumonia at age 95.
1918 ~ Stanley Dunham (né Stanley Armour Dunham; d. Feb. 8, 1992), maternal grandfather of President Barack Obama. He died at age 73.
1915 ~ Jack Rollins (né Jacob Rabinowitz; d. June 18, 2015), American talent spotter who discovered comic greats. His first major success came in the 1950s when he helped to create and promote the comedy of Nichols and Elaine May. He was born in New York, New York. He died in Manhattan, New York at 100 years old.
1912 ~ Wernher von Braum (d. June 16, 1977), German-born physicist, rocket-scientist and engineer. He was credited with inventing the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany. He was a former member of the Nazi party and decorated Nazi war hero before being brought to the United States where he was allowed to work on nuclear rockets and was involved in the development of rockets that led to the first United States satellites. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 65.
1910 ~ Akira Kurasawa (d. Sept. 6, 1998), Japanese film director. He is best known for his film, Seven Samurai. He died of a stroke at age 88.
1907 ~ Daniel Bovet (d. Apr. 8, 1992), Swiss-born pharmacologist and recipient of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that certain drugs can block the action of specific neurotransmitters. He died 16 days after his 85th birthday.
1904 ~ Joan Crawford (née Lucille Faye LeSueur; d. May 10, 1977), American actress. She was born in San Antonio, Texas. She died of a heart attack. The year of her birth is disputed, but is generally accepted as being in 1904, making her 73 at the time of her death.
1900 ~ Erich Fromm (né Erich Seligmann Fromm; d. Mar. 18, 1980), German-born psychoanalyst and philosopher. He died 5 days before his 80th birthday.
1887 ~ Juan Gris (né José Victoriano González-Pérez; d. May 11, 1927), Spanish painter and sculptor. He died of renal failure at age 40.
1887 ~ Josef Čapek (d. Apr. 1945), Czech writer. He invented the word Robot, which was introduced into literature by his brother, the writer Karel Čapek. He died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during the Holocaust. The exact date of his death is not known.
1882 ~ Emmy Noether (née Amalie Emmy Noether; d. Apr. 14, 1935), German mathematician. She was one of the leading mathematicians of her time. Because she was Jewish, when Hitler came into power, she lost her professorship at the University of Göttingen. She fled to the United States where she took a university position at Bryn Mawr. She developed theories in ring theory. She is best known for her 1921 paper Theory of Ideals in Ring Domains. Her proofs about conservation of energy resolved a quirk in Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Einstein considered Noether to be a creative mathematical genius. She was born in Erlangen, Germany. She died in Bryn Mawr, Pennsynvalia of uterine cancer 3 weeks after her 53rd birthday.
1881 ~ Roger Martin du Gard (d. Aug. 22, 1958), French writer and recipient of the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was 77 years old.
1881 ~ Hermann Staudinger (d. Sept. 8, 1965), German chemist and recipient of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for showing the existence of macromolecules, which are known as polymers. He was 84 years old.
1858 ~ Ludwig Quidde (b. Mar. 4, 1941), German pacifist and recipient of the 1927 Nobel Peace Prize. He died 19 days before his 83rd birthday.
1842 ~ Susan Jane Cunningham (d. Jan. 24, 1921), American mathematician. She was instrumental in founding Swarthmore College. She died of heart failure at age 78.
1823 ~ Schuyler Colfax, Jr. (d. Jan. 13, 1885), 17th Vice President of the United States. He served under President Ulysses S. Grant from March 1869 until March 1873. He had previously served as the 25th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was a Representative from Indiana. He died of a heart attack at age 61.
1754 ~ Baron Jurij Vega (d. Sept. 26, 1802), Slovenian mathematician and physicist. The crater on the moon, Vega, is named in his honor. He was 48 years old.
1749 ~ Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (d. Mar. 5, 1827), French mathematician and astronomer. He died 18 days before his 78th birthday.
1514 ~ Lorenzino de’Medici (d. Feb. 26, 1548), Italian writer and politician. He is best known for assassinating his cousin, Alessandro de’Medici. He was subsequently murdered about a month before his 34th birthday.
1430 ~ Margaret of Anjou (d. Aug. 25, 1482), Queen consort of England and wife Henry VI of England. She died at age 52.
Events that Changed the World:
2011 ~ A bus bomb at a bus station in Jerusalem killed 2 people and injured many more. This was the first serious bombing in Israel after a 3-year lull.
2005 ~ During a test on a distillation tower at the Texas City Refinery, liquid waste built up and flowed out of a blowout tower. Waste fumes ignited and exploded, killing 15 workers.
1977 ~ David Frost (1939 ~ 2013) began the first of the Nixon Interview of former President Richard Nixon (1913 ~ 1994) about the Watergate scandal.
1965 ~ Gemini 3 was launched, carrying astronauts Gus Grissom (1926 ~ 1967) and John Young (1930 ~ 2018).
1956 ~ Pakistan became the first Islamic republic in the world.
1933 ~ The Reichstag passed the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler (1889 ~ 1945) the dictator of Germany.
1919 ~ Benito Mussolini (1883 ~ 1945) founded his Fascist political movement in Milan, Italy.
1903 ~ The Wright brothers applied for a patent for their design of the airplane. The patent was issued on May 22, 1906.
1868 ~ The University of California was founded in Oakland, California.
1857 ~ Elisha Otis’ first passenger safety elevator was installed in New York City. Otis (1811 ~ 1861) had invented a safety device that would prevent the elevator cab from falling in the event a cable broke.
1775 ~ American Revolutionary and statesman Patrick Henry (1736 ~ 1799) gave his “Give me Liberty, or give me Death!” speech in Richmond, Virginia.
Good-Byes:
2019 ~ Larry Cohen (né Lawrence George Cohen; b. July 15, 1936), American B-movie director who made schlock with a purpose. He was known for his horror and sci-fi films. He died at age 82.
2019 ~ Rafi Eitan (né Rafael Eitan; b. Nov. 23, 1926), legendary Israeli spy who captured Eichmann. He led the Mossad mission to capture Adolf Eichmann in Argentina. He died at age 92.
2018 ~ Zell Miller (né Zell Bryan Miller, b. Feb. 24, 1932), American Georgia United States Senator who bucked the Democratic party. In 2004, he supported George W. Bush for President. He died a month after his 86th birthday.
2016 ~ Ken Howard (né Kenneth Joseph Howard, Jr.; b. Mar. 28, 1944), American actor. He died 5 days before his 72nd birthday.
2016 ~ Joe Garagiola, Sr. (né Joseph Henry Garagiola, Sr.; b. Feb. 12, 1926), American baseball player and sportscaster. He died at age 90.
2015 ~ Gary Dahl (né Gary Ross Dahl; b. Dec. 18, 1936), American ad man and copywriter who, in 1975, invented the Pet Rock. He died of pulmonary disease at age 78.
2015 ~ Lee Kuan Yee (né Harry Lee Kuan Yew; b. Sept. 16, 1923), the uncompromising statesman who built modern Singapore. He is considered to be the founding father of Singapore and was the country’s first Prime Minister. He died at age 91.
2013 ~ Boris Berezovsky (b. Jan. 23, 1946), Russian mathematician. He died at age 67, probably of a suicide.
2011 ~ Dame Elizabeth Taylor (née Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor; b. Feb. 27, 1932), English-American actress. She died of congestive heart failure about a month after her 79th birthday.
2011 ~ Jean Bartik (née Betty Jean Jennings; b. Dec. 27, 1924), American computer programmer and mathematician. She was one of the first programmers for the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC). She died at age 86.
2007 ~ Paul Cohen (né Paul Joseph Cohen; b. Apr. 2, 1934), American mathematician. He was the recipient of the 1966 Fields Medal. He died 10 days before his 73rd birthday.
1992 ~ Friedrich Hayek (né Friedrich August von Hayek; b. May 8, 1899), Austrian economist and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was 92 years old.
1983 ~ Barney Clark (b. 1921), American dentist and the first artificial heart recipient. On December 2, 1982, the Javik-7 artificial heart was implanted into his body. Although he survived only 112 following his heart surgery, the operation proved that the technology was nearing heart replacement. He was 62 years old.
1981 ~ Beatrice Tinsley (née Beatrice Muriel Hill; b. Jan. 27, 1941), British-born New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist. She became an astronomy professor at Yale University. She was born in Chester, England. She died of cancer in New Haven, Connecticut at age 40.
1964 ~ Peter Lorre (né László Löwenstein; b. June 26, 1904), Hungarian-born actor. His film career began in Germany, but he left that country in 1933 with the rise of Nazism. He died of a stroke at age 59.
1963 ~ Thoralf A. Skolem (né Thoralf Albert Skolem; b. May 23, 1887), Norwegian mathematician. He died at age 75.
1960 ~ Franklin Pierce Adams (né Franklin Leopold Adams; b. Nov. 15, 1881), American journalist. He died at age 78.
1942 ~ Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (b. Oct. 4, 1868), 20th President of Argentina. He served as President from October 1922 until October 1928. He died at age 72.
1888 ~ Morrison Waite (né Morrison Remick Waite; b. Nov. 29, 1816), 7th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated to the High Court by President Ulysses S. Grant. He replaced Salmon Chase on the Court. He was succeeded by Melville Fuller. He served in office from March 1874 until his death on this date 14 years later. He was born in Lyme, Connecticut. He died in Washington, D.C., at age 71.
1842 ~ Stendhal (né Marie-Henri Beyle; b. Jan. 23, 1783), French writer, best known for his novel Le Rouge et le Noir. He was 59 years old.
1801 ~ Tsar Paul I of Russia (b. Oct. 1, 1754). His mother was Catherine the Great. He was murdered in his bedroom at St. Michael’s Castle. He was first hit with a sword, then strangled and finally trampled to death. He was 46 years old. [Note: under the Julian calendar, his death is recorded as March 11, 1801.]
1555 ~ Pope Julius III (né Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte; b. Sept. 10, 1487). He served as Pope from February 1550 until his death on this date 5 years later. He died at age 67.
1022 ~ Zhen Zong (b. Dec. 23, 968), 3rd Chinese emperor of the Song Dynasty. He ruled from May 997 until his death in March 25 years later. He died at age 53.
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