Birthdays:
1988 ~ Emma Stone (née Emma Jean Stone), American actress.
1976 ~ Pat Tillman (né Patrick Daniel Tillman; d. Apr. 22, 2004), American football player and soldier. He was killed at age 27 by friendly fire in Afghanistan.
1970 ~ Ethan Hawke (né Ethan Green Hawke), American actor.
1967 ~ Rebecca Schaeffer (née Rebecca Lucile Schaeffer; d. July 18, 1988), American actress who was murdered by a deranged fan at age 21.
1964 ~ Arne Duncan (né Arne Starkey Duncan), 9th Secretary of Education of the United States. He served under President Barak Obama. He served in that position from January 2009 through December 2015.
1955 ~ Maria Shriver (née Maria Owings Shriver), American journalist and member of the Kennedy clan. She married Arnold Schwarzenegger.
1950 ~ Amir Aczel (né Amir Dan Aczel; d. Nov. 26, 2015), Israeli mathematics historian. He died of cancer 20 days after his 65th birthday.
1949 ~ Joseph C. Wilson (né Joseph Charles Wilson, IV; d. Sept. 27, 2019), American ex-diplomat who questioned Iraq War intel. He was best known for his 2002 trip to Niger to investigated claims that Iraq’s Saddam Hussein was attempting to purchase yellowcake uranium. He concluded that there was no evidence to support this claim. President George W. Bush, however, believed otherwise. He died at age 69.
1948 ~ Glenn Frye (né Glenn Lewis Frye; d. Jan. 18, 2016), American musician and member of the band, the Eagles. He died following surgery at age 67.
1946 ~ Sally Field (née Sally Margaret Field), American actress.
1939 ~ Michael Schwerner (né Michael Henry Schwerner; d. June 21, 1964), American civil rights activist who was murdered during Freedom Summer. He was murdered at age 24.
1932 ~ François Englert (né François Baron Englert), Belgian physicist and recipient of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics.
1931 ~ Mike Nichols (né Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky, d. Nov. 19, 2014), German-born American film and theater director. He is one of a small group of people who can claim the EGOT, having won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony Award. He was the director who was able to conquer Broadway. His fourth wife was Diane Sawyer. He died of a heart attack two weeks after his 83rd birthday.
1927 ~ Herald Price Fahringer (d. Feb. 12, 2015), American teetotling attorney who defended famous pornographers. He died at age 87.
1924 ~ Robert B. Choate (né Robert Burnett Choate, Jr.; d. May 3, 2009), American businessman and “citizen lobbyist” for consumer protection in the cereal industry. He died at age 84.
1916 ~ Ray Conniff (né Joseph Raymond Conniff, d. Oct. 12, 2002), American composer and conductor. He died 25 days before his 86th birthday.
1913 ~ Bernice Tannenbaum (d. Apr. 6, 2015), President of Hadassah from 1976 to 1980. While she was president, she began the practice of periodically holding the annual conference in Israel. She joined Hadassah in 1944. She was 101 years old at the time of her death.
1894 ~ Opal Kunz (né Opal Logan Gilberson; d. May 15, 1967), American aviator and chief organizer of the Betsy Ross Air Corps, an organization of pre-World War II female pilots. She was born in Wellesley, Massachusetts. She died at age 72.
1893 ~ Edsel Ford (né Edsel Bryant Ford, d. May 26, 1943), American businessman. He was the son of Henry Ford. The car named after him was introduced in 1957, many years after his death. He died of stomach cancer at age 49.
1892 ~ Harold Ross (né Harold Wallace Ross; d. Dec. 6, 1951), American journalist and co-founder of The New Yorker magazine. He died a during surgery month after his 59th birthday.
1886 ~ Ida Barney (d. Mar. 7, 1982), American mathematician and astronomer. She was born and died in New Haven, Connecticut. She died at age 95.
1880 ~ Yoshisuke Aikawa (d. Feb. 13, 1967), Japanese entrepreneur and founder of the Nissan Motor Company. He died at age 86.
1861 ~ James Naismith (d. Nov. 28, 1939), Canadian-American physician. He is credited with inventing the game of modern basketball. He died 22 days after his 78th birthday.
1854 ~ John Philip Sousa (d. Mar. 6, 1932), American conductor and composer, known as The March King. He died of heart failure at age 77.
1851 ~ Charles Dow (né Charles Henry Dow; d. Dec. 4, 1902), American journalist who, along with Edward Jones and Charles Bergstresser, founded the Dow Jones & Company. He was also the founder of the Wall Street Journal. He died less than a month after his 51st birthday.
1814 ~ Adolphe-Joseph Sax (d. Feb. 7, 1894), Belgian musician and inventor of the saxophone. He died at age 79.
1771 ~ Alois Senefelder (né Johann Alois Senefelder; d. Feb. 26, 1834), Czech inventor of the lithography printing process. He died at age 62.
1494 ~ Suleiman the Magnificent (d. Sept. 6, 1566), Ottoman sultan. He died at age 71.
1479 ~ Joanna of Castile (d. Apr. 12, 1555), daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. She was the queen of Castile and Aragon, which ultimately were united to become modern Spain. She was known as Joanna the Mad, as she was mentally ill. She died at age 75.
Events that Changed the World:
2018 ~ Mid-term election day in the United States.
2012 ~ Election Day in the United States where the presidential election was between Barack Obama (b. 1961) and Willard “Mitt” Romney (b. 1947). President Barack Obama and Vice President Joseph Biden (b. 1942) were re-elected.
1984 ~ Ronald Reagan (1911 ~ 2004) was reelected as President of the United States.
1965 ~ Cuba and the United States formally agreed to begin the Cuban airlift for individuals who sought to leave Cuba for the United States. By 1971, over 250,000 Cubans had left Cuba under this program.
1956 ~ Dwight David Eisenhower (1890 ~ 1969) was reelected as President of the United States.
1947 ~ Meet the Press made it television debut.
1934 ~ Memphis, Tennessee became the first major city to join the Tennessee Valley Authority.
1928 ~ Herbert Hoover (1874 ~ 1964) was elected as the 31st President of the United States.
1913 ~ Mohandas Gandhi (1869 ~ 1948) was arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
1869 ~ The first intercollegiate American football game took place between Rutgers College and Princeton University. Rutgers beat Princeton by a score of 6-4.
1861 ~ Jefferson Davis (1808 ~ 1889) was elected President of the Confederate States of America.
1860 ~ Abraham Lincoln (1809 ~ 1865) was elected as the 16th President of the United States.
Good-Byes:
2017 ~ Richard F. Gordon, Jr. (né Richard Francis Gordon, Jr.; b. Oct. 5, 1929), American astronaut who almost reached the moon. He was the Command Module pilot for Apollo 12. He had hoped to walk on the moon for the Apollo 18 flight, however, that flight was cancelled doe to budget cuts. He died a month after his 88th birthday.
2015 ~ Yitzhak Rachamim Navon (b. Apr. 9, 1921), 5th President of Israel. He was President from May 1978 until May 1983. He died at age 94.
2013 ~ Dan Lurie (b. Apr. 1, 1923), American bodybuilder who arm-wrestled President Ronald Reagan. He was a founding father of bodybuilding. He died at age 90.
2010 ~ Robert Lipshutz (né Robert Jerome Lipshutz; b. Dec. 27, 1921), 17th White House Counsel. He served under President Jimmy Carter from January 1977 until October 1979. He died at age 88.
1991 ~ Gene Tierney (née Gene Eliza Tierney; b. Nov. 19, 1920), American actress. She died 13 days before her 71st birthday.
1987 ~ Zohar Argov (b. July 16, 1955), Israeli singer. He committed suicide at age 32.
1964 ~ Hans von Euler-Chelpin (b. Feb. 15, 1863), German-born chemist and recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigation into fermentation of sugars and enzymes. He died at age 91.
1942 ~ Emil Starkenstein (b. Dec. 18, 1884), Czech-Jewish co-founder of clinical pharmacology. He was murdered at the Mauthausen-Gausen concentration camp during the Holocaust. He was 57 years old.
1941 ~ William Sulzer (b. Mar. 18, 1863), Governor of New York State. He served as Governor for 10 months, from January 1913 until October 1913 when he was impeached. He died at age 78.
1935 ~ Billy Sunday (né William Ashley Sunday; b. Nov. 19, 1862), American baseball player-turned-evangelist. He died 13 days before his 73rd birthday.
1933 ~ Andrey Lyapchev (b. Nov. 30, 1866), Bulgarian attorney and Prime Minister of Bulgaria. He served as Prime Minister from January 1926 until June 1931. He died 24 days before his 67th birthday.
1928 ~ Arnold Rothstein (b. Jan. 17, 1882), American gangster. He was known as “The Brain.” He is believed to have been the mastermind of the fixing of the 1919 Baseball World Series. He was murdered at age 46.
1922 ~ Morgan Bulkeley (né Morgan Gardner Bulkeley; b. Dec. 26, 1837), 54th Governor of Connecticut. He served as governor from January 1889 until January 4, 1893. He died at age 84.
1895 ~ Joel Müller (b. 1827), German rabbi. The exact date of his birth is not known.
1893 ~ Peter Tchaikovsky (né Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, b. May 7, 1840), Russian composer, best known for The Nutcracker Suite and the 1812 Overture. He died at age 53.
1872 ~ George Meade (né George Gordon Meade; b. Dec. 31, 1815), Union General during the American Civil War. He is best remembered for defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. He died at age 56.
1836 ~ King Charles X of France (b. Oct. 9, 1757). He was King from September 1824 until August 1830. He died 28 days after his 79th birthday.
1790 ~ James Bowdoin (b. Aug. 7, 1726), 2nd Governor of Massachusetts. He was Governor from May 1785 through May 1787. Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine is named in his honor. He died at age 64.
1656 ~ John IV, King of Portugal (b. Mar. 19, 1604). He ruled Portugal from December 1640 until his death in November 1656. He died at age 52.
1656 ~ Jean-Baptiste Morin (b. Feb. 23, 1583). French mathematician and astronomer. He died at age 73.
1650 ~ William II, Prince of Orange (b. May 27, 1626). He died of smallpox at age 24.
1632 ~ King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (b. Dec. 9, 1594). He was King of Sweden from October 1611 until his death 21 years later. He was killed in the Battle of Lützen about a month before his 38th birthday.
1612 ~ Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (b. Feb. 19, 1594), oldest son of James VI of England and Anne of Denmark. He was of the House of Stuart. He died of typhus fever at age 18.
1406 ~ Pope Innocent VII (né Cosimo de’Migliorati, b. 1339). He was Pope from October 1401 until his death 2 years later. The exact date of his birth is not known, but he is believed to have been 67 at the time of his death.
1003 ~ Pope John XVII (b. 945). He was Pope for 6 months, from May 1003 until his death in November 1003. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but he is believed to have been 48 years old at the time of his death.
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