Birthdays:
1972 ~ Gwyneth Paltrow (née Gwyneth Kate Paltrow), American actress.
1966 ~ Debbie Wasserman Schultz (née Deborah Wasserman), American politician from Florida.
1952 ~ Didier Dubois, French mathematician.
1947 ~ Meat Loaf (né Marvin Lee Aday, aka Michael Lee Aday), American singer-songwriter.
1936 ~ Don Cornelius (né Donald Cortez Cornelius; d. Feb. 1, 2012), African-American disc jockey who put soul on the small screen. He was the creator of Soul Train. He died by suicide at age 75.
1934 ~ Wilford Brimley (né Anthony Wilford Brimley), American actor.
1933 ~ Greg Morris (né Francis Gregory Alan Morris; d. Aug. 27, 1996), African-American actor best known for his role as Barney Collier in Mission: Impossible. He died of brain cancer a month before his 63rd birthday.
1932 ~ Oliver E. Williamson (né Oliver Eaton Williamson), American economist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science.
1925 ~ Lester D. Shubin (d. Nov. 20, 2009), American chemist who saved lives with Kevlar. He died of a heart attack at age 84.
1925 ~ Sir Robert Edwards (né Robert Geoffrey Edwards; d. Apr. 10, 2013), English physiologist and recipient of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was a pioneer in vitro fertilization research who changed the rules of conception. He died at age 87.
1920 ~ William Conrad (né John William Cann, Jr., d. Feb. 11, 1994), American actor. He died at age 73.
1919 ~ James H. Wilkinson (né James Hardy Wilkinson; d. Oct. 5, 1986), American mathematician. He died 8 days after his 67th birthday.
1919 ~ Charles Percy (né Charles Harting Percy; d. Sept. 17, 2011), American GOP Senator from Illinois who stood for moderation. He died 10 days before his 92nd birthday.
1919 ~ Jayne Meadows (née Jane Meadows Cotter; d. Apr. 26, 2015), American actress. She died at age 95.
1918 ~ Sir Martin Ryle (d. Oct. 14, 1984), English radio astronomer and recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize for Physics. He died 17 days after his 66th birthday.
1917 ~ Carl Ballantine (né Meyer Kessler; d. Nov. 3, 2009), the comic who was a bumbling magician. He died at age 92.
1917 ~ Louis Auschincloss (né Louis Stanton Auchincloss; d. Jan. 26, 2010), American novelist. He died at age 92.
1916 ~ S. Yizhar (né Yizhar Smilansky; d. Aug. 21, 2006), Israeli author and politician. He died about a month before his 90th birthday.
1913 ~ Albert Ellis (d. July 24, 2007), American psychologist. He died at age 93.
1896 ~ Sam Ervin (né Samuel James Ervin, Jr.; d. Apr. 23, 1985), American politician from North Carolina. He is best known for leading the investigation into the 1972-73 Watergate scandal that lead to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. He died at age 88.
1879 ~ Hans Hahn (d. July 24, 1934), Austrian mathematician. He died at age 54.
1865 ~ Ezra Fitch (né Ezra Hasbrouchk Fitch; d. June 16, 1930), American businessman and co-founder of Abercrombie and Fitch. He died at age 64.
1862 ~ Louis Botha (d. Aug. 27, 1919), 1st Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa. He held that position from May 1910 until his death in August 1919. He died a month before his 57th birthday.
1843 ~ Gaston Tarry (d. June 21, 1913), French mathematician. He died at age 69.
1840 ~ Thomas Nast (d. Dec. 7, 1902), German-born American political cartoonist. He created such figures as Uncle Sam and the Republican Elephant and the Democratic Donkey. He died in Ecuador of yellow fever at age 62.
1838 ~ Sul Ross (né Lawrence Sullivan Ross; d. Jan. 3, 1898), 19th Governor of Texas. He served as Governor from January 1887 until January 1891. He died at age 59.
1806 ~ Eberhard Anheuser (d. May 2, 1880), German-American manufacturer and co-founder of the Anheuser-Busch company. He died at age 73.
1772 ~ Martha Jefferson Randolph (née Martha Jefferson; d. Oct 10, 1836), daughter of President Thomas Jefferson. Because Jefferson was a widow when he was President, Martha took over the role as First Lady. She served in that capacity from March 1801 to March 1809. She was 28 years old when she took this role. She died 13 days after her 64th birthday.
1722 ~ Samuel Adams (d. Oct. 2, 1803), American patriot and leader during the American Revolutionary War. He served as the 4th Governor of Massachusetts from October 1794 until June 1797. He died 5 days after his 81st birthday. The Samuel Adams beer is named after him.
1719 ~ Abraham Gotthelf Kästner (d. June 20, 1800), German mathematician. He died at age 80.
1677 ~ Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr (d. Dec. 1, 1750), German mathematician and astronomer. The crater Dopplemayr on the moon is named in his honor. He died at age 79.
1601 ~ King Louis XIII of France (d. May 14, 1643), French king from May 1610 until his death on May 14, 1643. Louis XIII died at age 41 of intestinal tuberculosis. His father was King Henry IV of France had died on the same day 33 years earlier.
1389 ~ Cosimo de’Medici (d. Aug. 1, 1464), Italian ruler. He was 74.
1271 ~ Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (d. June 21, 1305). He died at age 33, probably of tuberculosis.
Events that Changed the World:
2015 ~ Sukkot began as sunset.
2015 ~ A Supermoon Lunar Eclipse. The total lunar eclipse occurred during a supermoon, which was visible across most of the world.
2009 ~ Yom Kippur began at sunset.
1996 ~ The tanker ship, the Julie N., crashed into the Million Dollar Bridge in Portland, Maine and spilled thousands of gallons of oil.
1996 ~ The Taliban captured the capital city of Kabul, Afghanistan.
1988 ~ Aung San Suu Kyi (b. 1945) formed the National League for Democracy to help fight against the dictatorship in Burma.
1962 ~ Rachel Carson’s book, Silent Spring, was first published. The book was a turning point in the environmental movement in the United States.
1959 ~ A massive typhoon struck Honshū, the main island of Japan, killing nearly 5,000 people.
1954 ~ The Tonight Show made its debut on NBC. The first host was Steve Allen (1921 ~ 2000).
1939 ~ Poland fell and Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union immediately divided the country. Germany occupied the western region and the Soviets took over the eastern region.
1928 ~ The United States formally recognized the Republic of China.
1905 ~ Albert Einstein’s paper that lead to his Theory of Relativity was published in the physics journal Annalen de Physik.
1854 ~ The steamship, the SS Arctic, collided with the French steamer, the Vesta, sank in the Atlantic Ocean off Newfoundland. Of the 400 people on board, all but 24 male passengers and 61 crewmembers were drowned, including all women and children.
1822 ~ The Rosetta Stone was deciphered by Jean-François Champollion (1790 ~ 1832).
1791 ~ The Jews of France were granted French citizenship.
1540 ~ The Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits, were formally given their charter by Pope Paul III (1468 ~ 1549).
1066 ~ William the Conqueror (1028 ~ 1087) and his army set sail from the River Somme, thus beginning the Norman conquest of England.
Good-Byes:
2018 ~ Marty Balin (né Martyn Jerel Buchwald; b. Jan. 30, 1942), American singer who sparked a rock revolution. He founded the band Jefferson Airplane. He died at age 76.
2017 ~ Hugh Hefner (né Hugh Marston Hefner; b. Apr. 9, 1926), American founder of Playboy magazine who brought sex to the mainstream. He died at age 91.
2014 ~ James Traficant (né James Anthony Traficant, Jr.; b. May 8, 1941), American politician and Congressman from Ohio. He had been expelled from the House of Representatives for taking bribes, filing false tax returns and racketeering. He was sent to prison where he served a 7-year term. He died at age 73 from injuries sustained when he took a fall from his tractor.
2012 ~ John Silber (né John Robert Silber; b. Aug. 15, 1926), American academic. He was the president of Boston University from 1996 to 2002. He died at age 86.
2011 ~ Wilson Greatbatch (b. Sept. 6, 1919), American engineer and inventor whose tinkering invented the pacemaker. He died 3 weeks after his 92nd birthday.
2009 ~ William Safire (né William Lewis Safire; b. Dec. 17, 1929), American provocative political columnist who loved language. He died of pancreatic cancer at age 79.
2009 ~ Alice T. Schafer (née Alice Elizabeth Turner; b. June 18, 1915), American mathematician. She was a founding member of the Association for Women in Mathematics. She died in Lexington, Massachusetts at age 94.
2009 ~ Donal McLaughlin, Jr. (b. July 26, 1907), American architect and graphic artist who created the United Nations logo. He died of esophageal cancer at age 102.
1993 ~ Jimmy Doolittle (né James Harold Doolittle; b. Dec. 14, 1896), American general and pilot who led the first bombing raid on Tokyo during World War II. He died at age 96.
1991 ~ Oona O’Neill Chaplin, Lady Chaplin (née Oona O’Neill; b. May 14, 1925), daughter of playwright Eugene O’Neill and 4th wife of Charlie Chaplin. She died of pancreatic cancer at age 66.
1972 ~ S.R. Ranganathan (né Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan; b. Aug. 9, 1892), Indian mathematician. He died at age 80.
1965 ~ Clara Bow (née Clara Gordon Bow; b. July 29, 1905), American silent film star, known as The It Girl, because of her role in the film It. She died at age 60 of a heart attack.
1961 ~ Hilda Doolittle (b. Sept. 10, 1886), American poet and novelist. She published her works under the initials H.D. She died 17 days after her 75th birthday.
1960 ~ Sylvia Pankhurst (née Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst; b. May 5, 1882), daughter of Emmeline, and sister of Christabel. The entire family was devoted to fighting for equal rights for women. She died at age 78.
1956 ~ Babe Didrikson Zaharias (née Mildred Ella Didrikson; b. June 26, 1911), American athlete and golfer. She was from Port Arthur, Texas. She died at age 45 of colon cancer.
1944 ~ Aimee Semple McPherson (née Aimee Elizabeth Kennedy; b. Oct. 9, 1890), Canadian-born evangelist. She died of an accidental overdose 12 days before her 54th birthday.
1940 ~ Julius Wagner-Jauregg (b. Mar. 7, 1857), Austrian neuroscientist and recipient of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In later years, he became know as a Nazi sympathizer and advocated eugenics. He died at age 83.
1921 ~ Engelbert Humperdinck (b. Sept. 1, 1854), German composer. He is best known for his opera Hänsel and Gretel. He died of a heart attack 26 days after his 67th birthday.
1917 ~ Edgar Degas (né Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas; b. July 19, 1834), French artist. He died at age 83.
1903 ~ Alson Sherman (b. Apr. 21, 1811), 8th Mayor of Chicago. He was in office from 1844 to 1945. He was born in Barre, Vermont. He died at age 92.
1876 ~ Braxton Bragg (b. Mar. 22, 1817), Confederate General during the American Civil War. He died suddenly and unexpectedly at age 59. Fort Bragg in North Carolina is named in his honor.
1783 ~ Étienne Bézout (b. Mar. 31, 1730), French mathematician. He died at age 53.
1737 ~ Hubert Gautier (b. Aug. 21, 1660), French mathematician. He was also an engineer and in 1716 wrote one of the first books on bridges. He died a month after his 77th birthday.
1700 ~ Pope Innocent XII (né Antonio Pignatelli; b. Mar. 13, 1615). He was Pope from July 1691 until his death 9 years later. He is best known for taking a hard stance against nepotism in the Catholic Church. He died at age 85.
1660 ~ Vincent de Paul (b. Apr. 24, 1581), French saint who dedicated his life to tending the poor. Numerous Catholic charities still use his name. He died at age 79.
1590 ~ Pope Urban VII (né Giovanni Battista Castagna; b. Aug. 4, 1521). He was Pope for only 12 days, from September 15 through September 27, 1590. His papacy was the shortest in Catholic history. He died at age 69.
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