September 3

Birthdays:

1986 ~ Shaun White, American snowboarder and skateboarder.

1965 ~ Charlie Sheen, American actor.

1945 ~ Peter Goddard, English physicist and mathematician.

1938 ~ Ryōji Noyori, Japanese chemist and recipient of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

1932 ~ Eileen Brennan (née Verla Eileen Brennan, d. July 28, 2013), American actress.  She died of cancer at age 80.

1926 ~ Alison Lurie, American novelist.

1923 ~ Glen Bell (d. Jan. 16, 2010), American businessman and founder of Taco Bell restaurants.  He died at age 86.

1923 ~ Mort Walker (né Addison Morton Walker), American cartoonist who created Beetle Bailey and Hi and Lois.

1914 ~ Dixy Lee Ray (née Marguerite Ray, d. Jan. 2, 1994), American politician.  She served as the 17^th Governor of the State of Washington, but was its first female governor.  She served as Governor from January 1977 through January 1981.  She died at age 79.

1913 ~ Alan Ladd (d. Jan. 29, 1964), American actor.  He died of a cerebral edema caused by an accidental overdose.  He was 50 years old.

1910 ~ Kitty Carlisle (née Catherine Conn, d. Apr. 17, 2007), American actress and television personality.  She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.  She died at age 96.

1908 ~ Lev Pontryagin (d. May 3, 1988), Russian mathematician.  He was legally blind.  He died at age 79.

1905 ~ Carl David Anderson (d. Jan. 11, 1991), American physicist and recipient of the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics.  He died at age 85.

1900 ~ Urho Kekkonen (d. Aug. 31, 1986), 8^th President of Finland.  He served as President from March 1956 through January 1982.  He died 3 days before his 86^th birthday.

1899 ~ Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet (d. Aug. 31, 1985), Australian virologist and recipient of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his contribution to the study of immunology.  He died 3 days before his 86^th birthday.

1891 ~ Annie Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany (d. Sept. 25, 1995) African-American dentist and author.  She and her older sister, Sarah Delany (1889 ~ 1999) wrote the book, Having Our Say: The First 100 Years.  The book was published when both sisters were over 100 years old.  Sarah Delany died at age 109 and Bessie died 22 days weeks after her 104^th birthday.

1875 ~ Ferdinand Porsche (d. Jan. 30, 1951), Austrian-German engineer and businessman.  He founded the Porsche automobile company.  He was a member of the Nazi party.  He died of a stroke at age 75.

1869 ~ Fritz Pregl (d. Dec. 13, 1930), Slovenian chemist and recipient of the 1923 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.  He died at age 61.

1856 ~ Louis H. Sullivan (d. Apr. 14, 1924), American architect.  He died at age 67.

1849 ~ Sarah Orne Jewett (d. June 24, 1909), American writer, whose work centered around the State of Maine.  She was born and died in South Berwick, Maine.  She died of a stroke at age 59.

1814 ~ James Joseph Sylvester (d. Mar. 15, 1897), British mathematician.  He died at age 82.

1704 ~ Joseph de Jussieu (d. Apr. 11, 1779), French explorer and mathematician.  He died at age 74.

1596 ~ Nicola Amati (d. Aug. 12, 1684), Italian instrument and violin maker.  He died 22 days before his 88^th birthday.

1499 ~ Diane de Poitiers (d. Apr. 25, 1566), French noblewoman and mistress of King Henry II of France.  She died at age 66.

1530 ~ Ivan the Terrible (d. Mar. 28, 1854), Russian Tsar.  Under the Julian calendar, his birthdate would be August 25, 1530.  His death under the Julian calendar would be March 18.  He died of a stroke at age 53 while playing chess.

Events that Changed the World:

1971 ~ Qatar became in independent state.

1951 ~ The long-running soap opera, Search for Tomorrow, began airing on CBS.  The final episode of the series aired on December 26, 1986.

1944 ~ Anne Frank (1929 ~ 1945) and her family were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp from the Westerbork transit camp.  They would arrive at Auschwitz on September 6.

1942 ~ In response to news of the coming liquidation of Łachwa, Poland, Dov Lopatyn (d. 1944) led one of the first ghetto uprisings of World War II.  The Jews were to have been rounded up for deportation.  During the uprising, more than half of the ghetto population was either killed in the fighting or was captured and executed.

1941 ~ Experiments with Zyklon B began at the Auschwitz concentration camp by gassing Soviet Prisoners of War.

1935 ~ Sir Malcolm Campbell (1885 ~ 1948) became the first person to drive an automobile over 300 mph, when he reached a speed of 304.33 miles per hour on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.

1875 ~ The first official Polo game was played in Argentina.

1783 ~ Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, thereby ending the American Revolutionary War.

1777 ~ During the Battle of Cooch’s Bridge during the American Revolutionary War, the flag of the United States was flown for the first time.

1666 ~ The Royal Exchange was burned down in the Great Fire of London, which had begun the day before.

1658 ~ Richard Cromwell (1626 ~ 1712) became the Lord Protector of England.

1651 ~ At the Battle of Worcester during the Third English Civil War, King Charles II (1630 ~ 1685) was defeated in the last major battle of the war.

1650 ~ At the Battle of Dunbar during the Third English Civil War, English parliamentarian forces, led by Oliver Cromwell (1599 ~ 1658), defeated the army loyal to King Charles II (1630 ~ 1685) of England.

1189 ~ Richard I of England (1157 ~ 1199), also known as Richard the Lionheart, was crowned King at Westminster.

Good-Byes:

2015 ~ Judy Carne (né Joyce Audrey Botterill, b. Apr. 27, 1939), British actress.  She is best known for her performances in Laugh-In.  She died of pneumonia at age 76.

2012 ~ Sun Myung Moon (né Mun Yong-myeong, b. Feb. 25, 1920), South Korean super-rich “messiah” who founded the Moonies.  He was the religious leader who founded the Unification Church.  He died at age 92.

2007 ~ James Stephen Fossett (b. Apr. 22, 1944), American millionaire adventurer who set over 100 world records or firsts on sea, land and air.  He is presumed to have perished on September 3, 2007, after the single-engine plane he was in disappeared.  He died at age 63.

2005 ~ William Rehnquist (b. Oct. 1, 1924), 16^th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.  He was appointed to the High Court by President Richard Nixon, where he served as an Associate Justice from January 1972 until September 1986.  He was elevated to Chief Justice by Ronald Reagan, and continued on the Court in that position from September 1986 until his death 19 years later.  He had a summer home in northern Vermont and was even listed in the local phone book.  He died about a month before his 81^st birthday.

2001 ~ Pauline Kael (b. June 19, 1919), American writer and film critic.  She died at age 82.

1991 ~ Frank Capra (né Francesco Rosario Capra, b. May 18, 1987), American movie director and producer best known for his film, It’s a Wonderful Life.  He died at age 94.

1986 ~ Beryl Markham (b. Oct. 26, 1902), English pilot, writer and horse trainer.  She is best known for her book, West with the Night.  She died at age 83.

1981 ~ Alec Waugh (né Alexander Raban Waugh, b. July 8, 1898) English writer.  He was the brother of writer Evelyn Waugh.  He died at age 83.

1970 ~ Vince Lombardi (né Vincent Thomas Lombardi b. June 11, 1913), American football coach.  He died of cancer at age 57.

1962 ~ e.e. cummings (né Edward Estlin Cummings, b. Oct. 14, 1894), American poet.  He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and he died in Madison, New Hampshire.  He died of a stroke at age 67.

1948 ~ Edvard Beneš (b. May 28, 1884), 2^nd and 4^th President of Czechoslovakia.  He initially served from December 1935 to October 1938; his second term was from April 1945 until June 1948.  He died at age 64.

1883 ~ Ivan Turgenev (b. Nov. 9, 1818), Russian novelist.  He died at age 64.

1877 ~ Adolphe Thiers (b. Apr. 15, 1797), 2^nd elected President of France and the 1^st President of the Third Republic.  He died at age 80.

1820 ~ Benjamin Henry Latrobe (b. May 1, 1764), English-American architect, most famous for his design of the United States Capitol.  He died at age 56.

1658 ~ Oliver Cromwell (b. Apr. 25, 1599), Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland; British general and politician.  He died at age 59.

1634 ~ Edward Coke (b. Feb. 1, 1552), English judge and politician.  He died at age 82.

1467 ~ Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (b. Sept. 18, 1434).  She died 15 days before her 33^rd birthday.

1189 ~ Jacob of Orléans, French Talmudic scholar.  The date of his birth is unknown.  He was killed during anti-Sematic riots in Paris.

618 ~ Xue Ju, Chinese Emperor of the Sui Dynasty.

264 ~ Sun Xiu (b. 235), Chinese Emperor of Eastern Wu.  The exact date of his birth is unknown.